City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration Stapleton Road, Bristol By Suzanne Hall, Julia King and Robin Finlay December 2015 This data emerges from an ESRC funded project on Super-diverse Streets: Economies and spaces of urban migration in UK cities (ES/L009560/1) This project is hosted by LSE Cities in the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Preface Phase 1, ‘Super-diverse streets’ data profiles, 2015 The ‘Super-diverse streets’ project is an ESRC-funded research exploration of the intersections between city streets, ethnic diversity and economic adaptations in the context of accelerated migration (ref: ES/L009560/1). The research is based on a comparative analysis across UK cities and aims to explore how urban retail economies and spaces are shaped by and shape migrant practices. The first phase of this project incorporates a qualitative survey conducted in 2015, and focuses on four ‘super-diverse’ high streets: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Stapleton Road (Bristol); Narborough Road (Leicester); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). Each street was selected for its location in an ethnically diverse as well as comparatively deprived urban locale. Furthermore, Birmingham, Bristol, Leicester and Manchester are amongst the UK cities that have the highest percentage of ‘country of birth’ citizens from outside of the UK, after London. From this grounded perspective we trace emerging capacities as well as old and new inequalities. We also record the diversification of bodies, spaces and micro-economic networks in a world that is increasingly mobile and bordered. In total, the face-to-face surveys across four streets incorporate 910 units, 596 units include retail, service and civic activities of which 480 are retail units and 68 units were vacant. 351 proprietors were surveyed. The data incorporated in this report includes the core of our survey in both tabular and graphic form. The purpose is to provide an overview briefing of the survey data itself. Analytic perspectives of how and why migrant proprietors arrive on these specific streets, and how and why their shops both flourish and fail, are developed in further papers. Our aim in disseminating the comparative data sets for each of the four streets, is to provide detailed data to inform debates and policy around: • the future of ‘British’ high streets; • ethnic minority and/or migrant enterprise; and • the role of historic and contemporary migrations in shaping cities and streets across the UK. The Phase 1 survey of these four streets was conducted by Suzanne Hall, Robin Finlay and Julia King. - To cite this report, or to use an image from it: Hall, Suzanne, King, Julia and Robin Finlay (2015) City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration: Rookery Road, Birmingham, an ESRC report, November 2015. - To download companion reports, click on: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Narborough Road (Leicester); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). For further information on the Super-diverse Streets project please go to: https://lsecities.net/objects/research-projects/super-diverse-streets Stapleton Road, Bristol : Super Diverse Streets ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 2 Contents Introduction p. 4 City Locale p. 5 World to Street p. 6 Street Survey p. 7 Histories of Arrival p. 8 Diverse Uses p. 9 Unit Variation and Value p. 10 Streetscape p. 11 Multiple Journeys p. 12 Street Interior p. 13 Stapleton Road, Bristol ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 3 Introduction Stapleton Road is located to the north-east of Bristol city centre, and falls within the Lawrence Hill Ward. Drawing on the latest national Census data from 2011, 14.7% of those living in Bristol were born outside of the UK, and this figure increases to 37.3% for those living in the Lawrence Hill Ward. Stapleton Road is within areas that are ranked as amongst the 10% most deprived in England, according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2015. Key points to highlight with respect to our survey of proprietors along Stapleton Road are: • Of the 154 units along the street, 100 are retail units, 10 are service units and 3 are civic units. • 10% of the non-residential units were vacant, and 47% of proprietors have been on the street for 5 years or less. • 50% of 28 proprietors surveyed reported to have a tertiary level qualification. • Food-related retail accounts for by far the most prominent activity on the street (50%). • We recorded on average 3.6 jobs within respective non-residential units including retail, service and civic. Based on our average of jobs per unit, we estimate that there are approximately 407 jobs within the retail, service and civic units along the street. • Using survey input from 43 proprietors, 60% of those employed are reportedly non-family members. • There were 11 countries of birth represented among the 77 proprietors we surveyed. The highest representation of countries of birth amongst the proprietors include: Somalia (26%); Pakistan (23%); and UK (21%). • Long-established retailers on Stapleton Road include proprietors from Jamaica and Pakistan. In the last 10 years, the origins of proprietors on Stapleton Road include Somalia, Pakistan and Sudan. • 71% of proprietors speak more than one language, while 41% speak three languages or more. Stapleton Road, Bristol ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 4 City Locale km km 0 100 200 0 100 200 km km 0 100 200 0 100 200 England and Wales Bristol Lawrence Hill Ward 0% 0% Population56,075,912 Country of Birth Population428,234 0% Country of Birth Population 18,942 Country of Birth 10% 10% 10% 20% 20% 20% UK UK UK 30% 30% 30% Europe | Poland Europe | Poland Europe | Poland Europe | Other Europe | Other ( ( Europe | Other 40% 40% 40% Stapleton Road Africa | Somalia Africa | Nigeria Africa | Somalia 50% 50% 50% Africa | Other Africa | Other Africa | Other UK Lawrence Hill Ward 62.7% 60% 60% 60% Middle East Middle East Manchester Middle East ( ( 2.0% Europe | Poland Asia | Pakistan Asia | India Asia | India 70% 70% Leicester 70% Europe | Other Birmingham Temple Meads 6.5% Asia | Other Asia | Other Station Asia | Other Africa | Somalia 80% 80% 80% 85.3% UK 11.1% Bristol 86.7% UK London The Americas The Americas The Americas 4.6% Africa | Other 90% 90% 90% 1.5% Europe | Poland 4.2% Europe | Other 1.5% Middle East Other Other Europe Other 4.8% 2.3% Asia | Pakistan 2.3% Africa 3% Africa Asia | Other 0.5% Middle East 0.5% Middle East 4.5% N 4% Asia N 3.4% Asia N 100% 100% 100% The Americas km 1.2% The Americas 1.7% The Americas 4.5% 0 100 2k0m0 km km km km 0.3% Other 0 100 200 0.3% Other 0 2 4 0 2 4 0.4% Other 0 0.25 0.5 0 0.25 0.5 km km 0 0.3 0.6 km 0 2.5 5 km 0 2.5 5 0 0.3 0.6 ( ( Stapleton Road, Bristol : Based on 2011 Census data from the Office of National Statistics ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 5 km km 0 2 k4m 0 0.25 0k.m5 0 2 4 0 0.25 0.5 World to Street 0m 50m Stapleton Road, Bristol : A survey of proprietors by country of birth (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 6 Street Survey Total units (excluding residential) - 125 Total surveyed - 77 Total vacant units - 12 Total retail - 100 Total services - 10 Total civic - 3 Countries of birth amongst proprietors – 11: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Iraq, Jamaica, Nepal, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, UK Activities (excluding residential) Employment Figures Number of Languages Spoken Duration (excluding residential) Independent Food 50% 71% Retail Miscellaneous 10% More than 1 71% 5 years or less 47% Surveyed number of 180 Jobs Commercial Services (including 9% health practitioners, accountants, solicitors) Beauty 11% Family 40%* 3 - 4 37% 6 - 19 years 26% Civic (church X2, crisis centre) 3% Non-Family 60%* Clothing 8% Average jobs per unit 3.6 Technology 9% 5 + 4% 20 + years 26% Estimated total 407 Total 100% number of Jobs Tertiary 50%: 28 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘Does the proprietor have a qualification?’ education Experience of 42%: 43 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘What work did the proprietor do before trading in the shop?’ other occupation *44 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘How many employees are family or non-family members?’ For our purposes, a proprietor incorporates the owner of a business including retail and services. We have also included civic services in calculations for employment figures, number of languages spoken, and duration. Stapleton Road, Bristol : A summary of core survey data (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 7 Histories of Arrival 1970 45+ 1975 40 1985 30 1991 On-going Somali Civil War (Somalia) 1995 20 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act (UK) 2004 EU enlargement (Europe) 2005 10 2008 Global Financial Crisis 2010 5 2015 0 a c an an aq UK t t r I s s India China Sudan aki Somalia Jamai P ghani f Bangladesh A Stapleton Road, Bristol : Duration of proprietors in relation to historic events (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1) p. 8 Diverse Uses 1970 45 1975 40 s r ea y 26% 20+ 1985 30 tion of shop 1995 20 a dur s r ea y 26% 6-19 2005 10 2010 5 47% 5 or less 2015 0 KEY Technology Miscellaneous Service Civic Beauty Food Clothing shop units coloured by type Stapleton Road, Bristol : Activity on the street over time (2015) ©Super-diverse Streets.