Helsinki and Tallinn on the move Cover photo: Modern Talking (Estonia) Design: Innocorp Oy Printers: Lönnberg Painot Oy, 2012 ISBN 978-952-272-364-2 Helsinki and Tallinn on the move Final report of H-TTransplan project Ulla Tapaninen (ed.) Tallinn - Helsinki 2012 Contents 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................5 1.1 Background ................................................................................................5 1.2 Structure of the report ...............................................................................6 1.3 Acknowledgement ......................................................................................7 PASSENGER STUDIES ..............................................................................................9 2. Passengers travelling between Helsinki and Tallinn ...........................................10 2.1 Background and aim of the study .............................................................10 2.2 Methodology of the study ......................................................................... 11 2.3 Results ...................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 15 3. Air passenger survey ..........................................................................................16 3.1 Aim and methodology of study ................................................................16 3.2 Tallinn Airport traffic data and passenger surveys 2004-2011 .................16 3.3 Why people travel by air between Tallinn and Helsinki ..........................18 3.4 Use of transport services and need for information...................................19 3.5 Trends in travel .........................................................................................19 3.6 Conclusions ..............................................................................................20 4. Spatial Mobility between Tallinn and Helsinki in Mobile Positioning Datasets 21 4.1 Aim and methodology of the study ..........................................................21 4.2 Estonians in Finland .................................................................................23 4.3 Finns in Estonia ........................................................................................25 4.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................27 5. Study of foreign visitors in tourism events in Tallinn ........................................29 5.1 Aim and methodology of the study ..........................................................29 5.2 Main results ..............................................................................................30 CARGO STUDIES ....................................................................................................35 6. Cargo flow study on the Helsinki-Tallinn route .................................................36 6.1 Aim and methodology of the study ..........................................................36 6.2 Results of the statistical analysis ...............................................................37 6.3 Results of the interview study ...................................................................40 6.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................41 7. Vehicles carrying cargo in ports of Helsinki and Tallinn ...................................44 7.1 Aim and methodology of the study ..........................................................44 7.2 Results of the interviews ...........................................................................45 7.3 Conclusions ..............................................................................................48 8. CO2 Analysis of Helsinki-Tallinn Transportation Chains..................................49 8.1 Aim and methodology of the study ..........................................................49 8.2 Results: analyzing all possible combinations with most probable utilization level ..........................................................51 8.3 Conclusions ..............................................................................................58 ECONOMIC STUDIES ............................................................................................61 9. The effect of business on mobility between Helsinki and Tallinn ......................62 9.1 Aim and methodology of the study ..........................................................62 9.2 Results of the statistical analysis ...............................................................63 9.3 Results of the interview study ...................................................................65 9.4 Summary ..................................................................................................66 10. Economic flows between Helsinki and Tallinn regions ......................................68 10.1 Introduction .............................................................................................68 10.2 Cross-border regions in research literature ................................................69 10.3 Framework of cross-border regional economic flows .................................72 10.4 Estimations of cross-border regional economic flows between Tallinn region and Helsinki region ...........................................................73 10.5 Tallinn and Helsinki as an integrated cross-border region ........................76 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................79 11. Integration scenarios ..........................................................................................80 11.1 Introduction .............................................................................................80 11.2 The underlying logic of the scenarios’ construction ..................................81 11.3 Partners in Transportation scenario ..........................................................83 11.4 Twin-city scenario ...................................................................................85 11.5 Failed Opportunities scenario...................................................................86 11.6 Alliance for New Beginning scenario .......................................................88 12. Territorial Impact Assessment ............................................................................94 12.1 Aims and method .....................................................................................94 12.2 Empirical analysis ....................................................................................95 12.3 Territorial Impact Assessment ...................................................................99 13. From knowledge platform to decision support system ......................................102 13.1 Idea of knowledge platform ...................................................................102 13.2 Decision support system – a novelty in planning ....................................104 13.3 Concept and structure ............................................................................105 13.4 Data collection .......................................................................................106 13.5 Technical coding, needed collaborations ................................................108 13.6 Final result, first user feedback ...............................................................109 13.7 Expected next steps .................................................................................109 14. Focus group reports ......................................................................................... 111 14.1 FG Business development ...................................................................... 111 14.2 FG Urban Planning ................................................................................ 112 14.3 FG Transport .......................................................................................... 114 14.4 Conclustions of the focus gropus ............................................................ 115 15. Conclusions ......................................................................................................121 15.1 Roadmap to Helsinki-Tallinn transport system - Integrated transport and city planning approach .................................121 15.2 Strategies ................................................................................................123 15.3 Joint actions ............................................................................................126 15.4 Implementation and challenges of governance ........................................127 15.5 Future research needs .............................................................................129 1. Introduction Katri-Liis Lepik, NPA Helsinki-Tallinn Euregio and Ulla Tapaninen, City of Helsinki 1.1 Background More than seven million one-way trips are made between Tallinn and Helsinki every year. The density of both passenger and cargo traffic is high. The impacts of Finnish tourists for Tallinn economy and Estonian workers for Helsinki economy are undeniable. Consequently, both Helsinki and Tallinn clearly benefit from each other. But there is not enough knowledge of the full scale of the relationships between the two capitals.