U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey MINERAL COMMODITY SUMMARIES 2001 Abrasives Diatomite Magnesium Selenium Aluminum Feldspar Manganese Silicon Antimony Fluorspar Mercury Silver Arsenic Gallium Mica Soda Ash Asbestos Garnet Molybdenum Sodium Sulfate Barite Gemstones Nickel Stone Bauxite Germanium Nitrogen Strontium Beryllium Gold Peat Sulfur Bismuth Graphite Perlite Talc Boron Gypsum Phosphate Rock Tantalum Bromine Hafnium Platinum Tellurium Cadmium Helium Potash Thallium Cement Indium Pumice Thorium Cesium Iodine Quartz Crystal Tin Chromium Iron Ore Rare Earths Titanium Clays Iron and Steel Rhenium Tungsten Cobalt Kyanite Rubidium Vanadium Columbium Lead Salt Vermiculite Copper Lime Sand and Gravel Yttrium Diamond Lithium Scandium Zinc Zirconium U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 2001 Published in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va. Manuscript approved for publication January 25, 2001. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For sale by U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 CONTENTS Page Page General: Growth Rates of Leading and Coincident Indexes for Appendix A—Abbreviations and Units of Measure . 190 Mineral Products ............................ 3 Appendix B—Terms Used for Materials in the National The Role of Nonfuel Minerals in the U.S. Economy ... 4 Defense Stockpile ........................ 190 2000 U.S. Net Import Reliance for Selected Nonfuel Appendix C—A Resource/Reserve Classification for Mineral Materials ........................... 5 Minerals ................................ 191 Significant Events, Trends, and Issues ............ 6 Commodities: Abrasives (Manufactured) ..................... 16 Mercury ................................... 104 Aluminum .................................. 18 Mica (Natural), Scrap and Flake ................ 106 Antimony ................................... 20 Mica (Natural), Sheet ........................ 108 Arsenic .................................... 22 Molybdenum ............................... 110 Asbestos ................................... 24 Nickel .................................... 112 Barite ..................................... 26 Nitrogen (Fixed), Ammonia ................... 114 Bauxite and Alumina ......................... 28 Peat ..................................... 116 Beryllium ................................... 30 Perlite .................................... 118 Bismuth ................................... 32 Phosphate Rock ............................ 120 Boron ..................................... 34 Platinum-Group Metals ....................... 122 Bromine ................................... 36 Potash ................................... 124 Cadmium .................................. 38 Pumice and Pumicite ........................ 126 Cement .................................... 40 Quartz Crystal (Industrial) ..................... 128 Cesium .................................... 42 Rare Earths ............................... 130 Chromium .................................. 44 Rhenium .................................. 132 Clays ...................................... 46 Rubidium ................................. 134 Cobalt ..................................... 48 Salt ...................................... 136 Columbium (Niobium) ........................ 50 Sand and Gravel (Construction) ................ 138 Copper .................................... 52 Sand and Gravel (Industrial) .................. 140 Diamond (Industrial) .......................... 54 Scandium ................................. 142 Diatomite .................................. 56 Selenium ................................. 144 Feldspar ................................... 58 Silicon .................................... 146 Fluorspar .................................. 60 Silver ..................................... 148 Gallium .................................... 62 Soda Ash ................................. 150 Garnet (Industrial) ........................... 64 Sodium Sulfate ............................. 152 Gemstones ................................. 66 Stone (Crushed) ............................ 154 Germanium ................................. 68 Stone (Dimension) .......................... 156 Gold ...................................... 70 Strontium ................................. 158 Graphite (Natural) ............................ 72 Sulfur .................................... 160 Gypsum ................................... 74 Talc and Pyrophyllite ........................ 162 Helium .................................... 76 Tantalum ................................. 164 Indium ..................................... 78 Tellurium .................................. 166 Iodine ..................................... 80 Thallium .................................. 168 Iron Ore ................................... 82 Thorium .................................. 170 Iron and Steel ............................... 84 Tin ...................................... 172 Iron and Steel Scrap .......................... 86 Titanium Mineral Concentrates ................ 174 Iron and Steel Slag ........................... 88 Titanium and Titanium Dioxide ................. 176 Kyanite and Related Minerals ................... 90 Tungsten ................................. 178 Lead ...................................... 92 Vanadium ................................. 180 Lime ...................................... 94 Vermiculite ................................ 182 Lithium .................................... 96 Yttrium ................................... 184 Magnesium Compounds ...................... 98 Zinc ...................................... 186 Magnesium Metal ........................... 100 Zirconium and Hafnium ...................... 188 Manganese ................................ 102 2 INSTANT INFORMATION Information about the U.S. Geological Survey, its programs, staff, and products, is available from the Internet at URL <http://www.usgs.gov> or by contacting the Earth Science Information Center at 1-888-ASK-USGS. This publication has been prepared by the Minerals Information Team. Information about the team and its products is available from the Internet at URL <http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals> or by writing to Chief Scientist, Minerals Information Team, 988 National Center, Reston, VA 20192. Information about the team may also be obtained from the MINES FaxBack system, a simple-to-operate automated fax response system that operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. MINES FaxBack is accessed by calling 703-648-4999 using the touch-tone telephone attached to the requestor’s fax machine. After calling MINES FaxBack, the requestor is guided by a series of voice messages that assist her or him in ordering the desired documents. Information on approximately 90 commodities, 50 States, and 190 countries is available. KEY PUBLICATIONS Minerals Yearbook—These annual publications review the mineral industries of the United States and foreign countries. They contain statistical data on minerals and materials and include information on economic and technical trends and developments. The Yearbook is published in three volumes—Volume I, Metals and Minerals; Volume II, Area Reports, Domestic; and Volume III, Area Reports, International. Mineral Commodity Summaries—Published on an annual basis, this report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for more than 90 individual minerals and materials. Mineral Industry Surveys—These periodic statistical and economic reports are designed to provide timely statistical data on production, distribution, stocks, and consumption of significant mineral commodities. The surveys are issued monthly, quarterly, or at other regular intervals. Metal Industry Indicators—This monthly publication provides economic indicators of selected metal industries. Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products Industry Indicators—This monthly publication provides economic indicators of selected industrial minerals processing activities. Materials Flow Studies—These publications describe the flow of materials from source to ultimate disposition to help better understand the economy, manage the use of natural resources, and protect the environment. Metal Prices in the United States Through 1998—This publication provides an extended price history for a wide range of metals. WHERE TO OBTAIN PUBLICATIONS ! Metal Prices in the United States Through 1998, Mineral Commodity Summaries, and the Minerals Yearbook are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order by telephone, call (202) 512-1800. ! Mineral Industry Surveys and Metal Industry Indicators can be obtained by calling (412) 386-6156 or by writing to NIOSH Printing Office, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070. ! Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products Industry Indicators and materials flow studies are available in PDF format at URL <http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals>. ! All current publications are available in PDF format at URL <http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals>. GROWTH RATES OF LEADING AND COINCIDENT