Social Sciences 2015; 4(6-1): 14-18 Published online January 12, 2016 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ss) doi: 10.11648/j.ss.s.2015040601.14 ISSN: 2326-9863 (Print); ISSN: 2326-988X (Online) Poetry by Rabindranath Tagore and Jibanananda Das - A Comparative Study Shaona Sengupta 1, Tinni Dutta 2 1Department of Psychology West Bengal Education Services, West Bengal, India 2Department of Psychology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, India Email address: [email protected] (T. Dutta) To cite this article: Shaona Sengupta, Tinni Dutta. Poetry by Rabindranath Tagore and Jibanananda Das - A Comparative Study. Social Sciences . Special Issue: Literature & Psychology. Vol. 4, No. 6-1, 2015, pp. 14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.s.2015040601.14 Abstract: Of all the living beings, man is the only being who has been able to express his emotions explicitly in many forms. Emotions for other fellow beings, nature and self have been expressed by man in various creative forms. As man is creative in nature and has always expressed his emotions through music, art, philosophy and literature. Thus, literature the art of written word acts as the reflection of an authors’ mind. So through literature one can go deep into the mind of an author and understand the dynamics of his mind. This idea is applied in the method of psychoanalytic literary criticism. It refers to literary criticism which, in method, concept, theory, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis formulated by Sigmund Freud. The objective of psychoanalytic literary criticism is the psychoanalysis of the author reflected through the characters he has created. This article tries to reveal the psychodynamics of the ace authors’, Rabindranath Tagore and Jibanananda Das, through their literary works here poetry- the ‘SeshBasanto’ and the ‘PochisBachor Pore’ respectively. Keywords: Literature, Poetry, Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism imagination and creation, together with eloquence expression. 1. Introduction Literature in the form of poetry is thus a reflection of human Man has always been creative and has expressed himself in mind (of the poet), how he perceives his surrounding various art forms. His strong emotions and feelings led to environment and how he deals with it. It is also a kind of wish expression of self in the form of music, art, philosophy and fulfillment where the poet makes his created characters to literature. speak or act in a way which was actually desired by him but Literature is the art of written works. The word literature which he couldn’t carry out. It reveals the innermost emotions means "acquaintance with letters". Literature introduces us to and desires of the poet which may be even unknown to him. new worlds of experience; we enjoy the comedies and the Thus the poet reveals his own mind through his work. Thus tragedies of poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow literature is the mirror of the author’s mind. So through poems and evolve through our literary journey with books. Literature one can go deep into the mind of the poet and understand the reveals the different shades of human mind-love, hatred, envy, dynamics of his mind. joy, grief, helplessness etc. Literature represents language, Psychoanalytic Criticism of literature appeared in the early people, culture and tradition. Poetry is a form of literature that 20th century. It is an extrinsic approach which consists of the uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as application of some psychological values to the study of phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and meter—to evoke literature. Psychoanalytic criticism of literature focuses on the meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible writer's psyche and the study of mental processes of creation; meaning. It is a verbal composition designed to convey it focuses on the psychological types and principles within experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, literary works, or the effects of literature upon its readers. The characterized by the use of language chosen for its sound and major figures were Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. (Dr. suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as Kristi Siegel, 2006). meter, metaphor and rhyme. According to Jung, psychology being the study of psychic The poet is the one who has the gift of poetic thought, processes can be brought to bear upon the study of literature as the human psyche is the womb of all the sciences and arts. Social Sciences 2015; 4(6-1): 14-18 15 Psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary criticism Childhood’ (1910) and also attempts to understand the which, in method, concept, theory, or form, is influenced by psychodynamics of artists and novelists, in Shakespeare’s the tradition of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a set of Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth. In this pathographical ideas developed by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. It is approach the psyche is the prime object of inquiry. It explains mainly devoted to the study of human psychological the relation between the life experience of the artist and his functioning and behavior. Psychoanalytic literary criticism is a work. Freud turned to literature both for evidence of his literary approach where critics see the text as a kind of dream. mappings of the unconscious and in attempt to describe what This means that the text represses its real (or latent) content had found in that realm of human consciousness. Freud's behind obvious (manifest) content. Psychoanalytic criticism conception of the "Oedipus complex" culminated from the helps in revealing the latent contents and bringing out the Mythology of Oedipus Sophocles's tragedy. More recently, in unconscious mind of the author. the Jungian school, Helen M. Luke in her Dark Wood to White The object of psychoanalytic literary criticism, in a simple Rose uses Dante's Divine Comedy for evidentiary, explanatory, sense, can be the psychoanalysis of the author or of characters. and psychotherapeutic purposes. Lacan was interested in Psychoanalytic criticism can yield useful clues to the works of Shakespeare and Edgar Allan Poe. A legion of sometime confusing symbols and actions in a literary writers from the therapeutic community has explored the work.Psychoanalytic reading has been practiced since the psychoanalytic basis of fairy tales, popular literature, and even early development of psychoanalysis, and has developed into the texts of the Bible. In 1909, the psychoanalyst Otto Rank a rich and heterogeneous interpretive tradition. published The Myth of the Birth of the Hero. In this work, Writers Rank subscribes to the notion that the artist translates his Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a Bengali poet, potent, secret wish into a literary fantasy. According to Jung philosopher, artist, playwright, composer and novelist. (1922) the primordial image or archetype recurrently appears He was the greatest writer in modern Indian literature where ever creative fantasy is freely expressed. “The impact and India’s first Nobel laureate who won the 1913 of an archetype, whether it takes the form of immediate Nobel Prize for Literature. experience or expressed through spoken word stirs us because Jibanananda Das (1899-1954) was a Bengali poet, it summons upon a voice that is stronger than our own’. In writer, novelist and essayist. He is acknowledged as Jungian parlance, art is conceived as autonomous and the premier poet of the post-Tagore era in India and constituted by its own internal relations. Conrad Aiken wrote Bangladesh. “A Freudian study of American literature” and poets such as Poems Robert Graves and W. H. Auden applied Freudian insights ‘SeshBasanto’ (Last spring) by Rabindranath Tagore while writing critical prose. William Faulkner, Henry James, where he writes about the last day of spring spend with James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Marcel Proust, and Toni beloved, before he would part away as he has realized Morrison are only a few of the novelists who have either that time has changed bringing about change in their written criticism influenced by Freud or who have written relation. novels that conceive of character, conflict, and creative ‘PochisBachor Pore’ (After 25 years) by Jibanananda writing itself in Freudian terms. Rene Wellek and Austin Das states about how the poet and his beloved Warren included "psychological" criticism as one of the five promises to meet after 25 years but after long waiting "extrinsic" approaches to literature described in their one day poet realizes that 25 years have passed long influential book Theory of Literature (1942). Psychological time back. criticism, they suggest, typically attempts to do at least one of the following: provide a psychological study of an individual 2. Literature Survey writer; explore the nature of the creative process; generalize about "types and laws present within works of literature"; or The objective of psychoanalytic literary criticism is the theorize about the psychological "effects of literature upon its psychoanalysis of the author or of a particularly interesting readers". Entire books on psychoanalytic criticism began to character. According to Freud, literature is a means to express appear, such as Frederick J. Hofrman's Freudianism and. the repressed desires: “Happy men never fantasize; just Literary Mind, (1945). Edmund Bergler (1947) said that great unsatisfied men fantasize”. So, it is a kind of “auto-therapy”. writers have known intuitively everything that psychoanalysis Freud wrote essays on literature, through which he explores has discovered and proved clinically. Ernst Kris (1952) held a the psyche of authors and characters, to decipher the narrative theory of art as communication, and as a process of recreation. mysteries, and brings forth new concepts into psychoanalysis. In his words: ‘We started out as a part of the world which the According to Freud Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” was written artist created, we end as co-creators. We identify ourselves because of the death of Shakespeare’s father.