The Archaeology of Kamloops Department of Archaeology Robert L. Wilson Simon Fraser University Catherine Carlson Publication Number 7 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Roy L. Carlson (Chairman) Herbert L. Alexander Knut R. Fladmark Philip M. Hobler Jack D. Nance Erie Nelson The Department of Archaeology publishes papers and monographs which relate to its teaching and research interests. Communications concerning publications should be directed to the Chairman of the Publications Committee. © Copyright 1980 Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Publication of this volume has been assisted by a generous grant from the BRITISH COLUMBIA HERITAGE TRUST. COVER PHOTOGRAPH: EeRb 10 Pit House 3 The Archaeology of KAMLOOPS by Robert L.Wilson and Catherine Carlson Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Publication Number 7 1980 Burnaby. British Columbia TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Archaeological Investigation near Kamloops page Robert L. Wilson I. Introduction......................................................................................... 1 II. Ethnography...................................................................................... 10 III. Archaeological Investigation.............................................................. 13 IV. Analysis of Archaeological Materials................................................... 43 V. Discussion and Conclusion................................................................. 75 Appendices.................................................................................................. 83 II. Excavations at the Curr Site Catherine Carlson I. Introduction........................................................................................... 87 II. Analysis................................................................................................ 92 III. Discussion and Conclusions................................................................. 118 References..................................................................................................... 123 iii LIST OF TABLES Archaeological Investigations near Kamloops Page 1. Temperature and precipitation data, south-central British Colum bia................................................................................ 3 2. Artifact types and percentages. EeRb 3 ............................................................................................................................. 16 3. Distribution of artifact classes, EeRb 3 .............................................................................................................................. 19 4. Artifact types and percentages, EeRb 3(surface)................................................................................................................ 20 5. Artifact types and percentages, EeRb 10 ............................................................................................................................. 24 6. Artifact types and percentages, EeRb 11 ............................................................................................................................ 24 7. Artifact types and percentages, Ed R a 9 ............................................................................................................................. 29 8. Distribution of artifact types, EdRa 9 ................................................................................................................................ 31 9. Artifact types, Brocklehurst Burial S ite ............................................................................................................................. 38 10. Terminology and composition of the artifact typology..................................................................................................... 44 11. Distribution of artifact types by site.................................................................................................................................. 44 12. Distribution of chipped stone cryptocrystalline lithic artifacts.............................................................................................45 13. Grouping of selected projectile point attributes................................................................................................................. 46 14. Dimensions of Group 1 projectile points............................................................................................................................ 47 15. Dimensions of Group 2A projectile points......................................................................................................................... 47 16. Dimensions of Group 2B projectile points......................................................................................................................... 50 17. Dimensions of Group 3 projectile points............................................................................................................................ 50 18. Dimensions of Group 4 projectile p o in ts............................................................................................................................ 52 19. Dimensions of formed bifaces by type................................................................................................................................ 56 20. Dimensions of scraper ty p e s .............................................................................................................................................. 59 21. Dimensions of drill ty p e s ................................................................................................................................................... 60 22. Dimensions of non-miscellaneous gravers........................................................................................................................... 61 23. Dimensions of microblades................................................................................................................................................. 62 24. Dimensions of ground stone abraders................................................................................................................................ 63 25. Dimensions of bone beads................................................................................................................................................... 67 26. Distribution and percentage of artifact industries by site................................................................................................... 69 27. Distribution of selected artifact classes by phase............................................................................................................... 70 28. Distribution of projectile points by function, phase and s it e ............................................................................................ 71 29. Distribution of cultural components, occupational zones, etc. by s ite .............................................................................. 75 30. Distribution of cultural phases by house pit and lo c u s ..................................................................................................... 75 Excavations at the Curr Site 1. Features associated with roof fill in House Pit 1 ................................................................................................................ 93 2. Features associated with floor zone in House Pit 1............................................................................................................. 93 3. Features associated with Area 2 W e s t................................................................................................................................. 94 4. Features associated with Area 2 East................................................................................................................................... 95 5. Features associated with Area 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 97 6. Features associated with Area 6 .......................................................................................................................................... 97 7. Features associated with Area 1 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 98 8. Features associated with Area 1 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 99 9. Features associated with House Pit 1, EeRa 4 ....................................................................................................................102 10. Percentages of raw materials used for artifacts....................................................................................................................103 11. Artifacts recovered from each Excavation Area, EdRa 2 2 .................................................................................................113 12. Samples submitted for C-14 analysis, Ed Ra 2 2 ................................................................................................................