wTze R oyal c5 ofLoncLni X K WcOferulen cGOet sc. JjonxCon ig-f$ PEOCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. From March 6, 1862, to June 18, 1863 inclusive. VOL. XII. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, J4DCCCL.X1W» /' y? CONTENTS VOL. X II. Page List of Candidates for Election to the Fellowship.............................. 1 Notes of Researches on the Poly-Ammonias.—No. XX. On the Colouring Matters produced from Aniline. By A. W . Hofmann, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S............................................................................. 2 On the Integration of Simultaneous Differential Equations. By Professor George Boole, F.R.S........................................................ .. • 13 An Account of some Experiments with Eccentric Oblate Bodies and Disks as Projectiles. By R. W. Woollcombe .............................. 17 Suggestions for the Attainment of a Systematic Representation of the Physical Aspect of the Moon. By John Phillips, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S......................................................................................... 31 Theoretical Considerations on the Conditions under which the Drift Deposits containing the Remains of Extinct Mammalia and Flint- implements were accumulated; and on their Geological Age. By Joseph Prestwich, F.R.S., F.G.S........................................................ 38 On the Law of Expansion of Superheated Steam. By William Fair- bairn, LL.D., F.R.S., and Thomas Tate .......................................... 53 On a New Method of Approximation applicable to Elliptic and Ultra- elliptic Functions.—Second Memoir. By Charles W. Merrifield.. 57 The Bakerian Lecture.—On the Total Solar Eclipse of July 18th, 1860, observed at Rivabellosa, near Miranda de Ebro, in Spain. By Warren De la Rue, F.R.S............................................................. 58 The Croonian Lecture.—On the Termination of Nerves in Muscles, as observed in the Frog; and on the disposition of the Nerves in the Frog’s Heart. By Professor A. Kolliker, For. Memb. R .S ... 65 Appendix to the Account of the Earthquake-Wave Experiments made at Holyhead. By Robert Mallet, C.E., F.R.S...................... 84 On the Sensory, Motory, and Vaso-Motory Symptoms resulting from Refrigeration and Compression of the Ulnar and other Nerves in Man.—Second Communication. By Augustus Waller, M.D., F.R.S. .............................................................................. 89 On the Rigidity of the Earth. By Professor William Thomson, F.R.S........................................................ ............ .................... .. 103 Page On the Difference in the Properties of Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled Malleable Iron, as regards the power of receiving and retaining Induced Magnetism of Subpermanent Character. By George Biddell Airy, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal.......................................... 105 On the Analytical Theory of the Conic. By Arthur Cayley, F.R.S. 106 Letter to the President from Mr. Lassell, F.R.S., dated Malta, May 13, 1862, giving an accoimt of Observations made with his large Equatorial Telescope.................................................................. 108 On the Theory of the Motion of Glaciers. By William Hopkins, F.R.S. .................... 110 Experiments on Food; its Destination and Uses. By William S. Savory, F.R.S....................................................................................... 121 On a New Series of Compounds containing Boron. By Dr. Edward Frankland, F.R.S............... 123 On the Constitution of Sea-Water, at different Depths, and in dif­ ferent Latitudes. By George Forchhammer, Ph.D....................... 129 Annual Meeting for the Election of Fellow s...................................... 133 Dissections of the Ganglia and Nerves of the (Esophagus, Stomach, and Lungs. By Robert Lee, M.D., F.R.S....................................... 134 Further Observations on the Distribution of Nerves to the Elementary Fibres of Striped Muscle. By Lionel S. Beale, M.B., F.R.S......... 136 Researches on the Development of the Spinal Cord in Man, Mam­ malia, and Birds. By Jacob Lockhart Clarke, F.R.S..................... 141 Observations made on the Movements of the Larynx when viewed by means of the Laryngoscope. By John Bishop, F.R.S..................’. 143 Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadse.—Part in . By J. Scott Bowerbank, LL.D., F.R.S. ...................................................... 146 On the Spectrum of Carbon. By John Attfield, F.C.S......................148 On the Distorted Skulls found at Wroxeter (Salop), with a Me- chanico-Chemical Explanation of the Distortion. By Henry John­ son, M.D., Shrewsbury ..................................................................... 149 Preliminary Researches on Thallium. By William Crookes, F.C.S. 150 On the Photographic Transparency of various Bodies, and on the 1 hotographic Effects of Metallic and other Spectra obtained by means of the Electric Spark. By Prof. W. Allen Miller, M.D;, LL.D., Treas. and V.P.R.S..................................................... 459 On the Long Spectrum of Electric Light. By Professor George G. Stokes, M.A., Sec. R.S., &c........................ ............................ g____ 166 On the Reflexion of Polarized Light from Polished Surfaces. By the Rey. Samuel Haughton, M.A., F.R.S...................................... .. 193 ° s ^ LOeSa tSe.ValleJs °Tf tbe South of England and of the oomme and the Seine. By Joseph Prestwich, F.R.S.................... 170 S S .Ultr T 8 Distribution of Heat throughout superficial parts of the Earth. By Professor H. G. Hennessy, ........ 173 Page On the Differential Coefficients and Determinants of Lines, and their application to Analytical Mechanics. By A. Cohen.......... ............ 176 On the Theory of Probabilities. By Professor George Boole, F.R.S. 179 On Simultaneous Differential Equations in which the number of Variables exceeds by more than unity the number of the Equations. By Professor George Boole, F.R.S..................................................... 184 On the Calculus of Symbols.—Third Memoir. By W. H. L. Russell, A.B........................................................................................................ 184 Or ” ^ 'ies of Electro-deposited Antimony (concluded). By 185 On the Sulphur-Compounds in Purified Coal-Gas, and on Crystal­ lized Hvdrosulphocarbonate of Lime. By the Rev. W. R. Bow- ditch, B.A., E.C.S................................................................................. 185 On the Geometrical Isomorphism of Crystals. By the Rev. W. Mitchell .............................................................................................. 190 On the Forces concerned in producing the larger Magnetic Disturb­ ances. By Balfour Stewart, M.A., F.R.S......................................... 194 Experimental Researches on the Transmission of Electric Signals through Submarine Cables.—Part I. Laws of Transmission through various lengths of one Cable. By Fleeming Jenkin...................... 198 On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion.—Part IV. By J. P. Joule, LL.D., F.R.S., and Professor W. Thomson, F.R.S.............. 202 On the Spectra of Electric Light, as modified by the nature of the Electrodes and the Media of Discharge. By the Rev. T. R. Robin­ son, D.D., F.R.S................................................................................... 202 On Fermat’s Theorem of the Polygonal Numbers.—Second Com­ munication. By the Right. Hon. Sir Frederick Pollock, F.R.S., Lord Chief Baron ........................................................................... 205 On the Oxidation and Disoxidation effected by the Alkaline Peroxides. By B. C. Brodie, F.R.S............................... 209 On the Relative Speed of the Electric Wave through Submarine Cables of different lengths, and a Unit of Speed for comparing Electric Cables by bisecting the Electric Wave. By Cromwell F. Varley ..................................................................... ; ......................... 211 On the Production of Vibrations and Sounds by Electrolysis. By George Gore......................................................................................... 217 On the Synthesis of Tribasic Acids. (Preliminary Notice.) By Maxwell Simpson,M.B., F.R.S................................ 236 Notice of Remarkable Hailstones which fell at Headingley, near Leeds, on the 7th of May, 1862. By Thomas Sutclifle.................. 239 On the true Theory of Pressure as applied to Elastic Fluids. By R. Moon, M.A., late Fellow of Queen’s College, Cambridge .... 242 On the Nerves of the Liver, Biliary Ducts, and Gall-Bladder. By Robert Lee. M R . F.R S vi Page On the Volumes of Pedal Surfaces. By T. A. Hirst, Ph.D., F.R.S. 247 Blood-Corpuscles. By Richard Norris .................................... On Stasis of the Blood, and Exudation. By Richard Norris.............. 258 Additional Observations on the Proximate Principles of the Lichens. By John Stenhouse, LL.D., F.R.S.................................................... On the Theory of Parallels. By Lieut.-General T. Perronet Thomp- ^ son, F.R.S.............................................................................................. Letter to Professor Stokes, Sec. R.S., containing Observations made at Malta on a Planetary Nebula. By \\ llliam Lassell, I .R.S......... 2bJ On the Fossil Remains of a long-tailed Bird (Archeopteryx macrurus, Ow.) from the Lithographic Slate of Solenhofen. By Professor Richard Owen, F.R.S..........................................................................