LSMS GUIDEBOOK September 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Trees on Farms: Public Disclosure Authorized Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare Forestry griultural Module Old-growth natural Modules forest all types Managed A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys Secundary, Plant/Herb/ plantation forest regenerating forest Rangelands Grass/Roots Scrublands Grasslands Agroforestry areas Woodlots Fallow areas Savannahs Pasture Fruit trees Tree cash crops Non-production trees shade, aesthetics, etc Public Disclosure Authorized Trees on Farm Module Public Disclosure Authorized Daniel C. Miller, Juan Carlos Muñoz-Mora, Alberto Zezza, and Josefine Durazo LSMS GUIDEBOOK September 2019 Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contribution to Household Welfare A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys Daniel C. Miller University of Illinois Juan Carlos Muñoz-Mora Universidad EAFIT Alberta Zezza World Bank Josefine Durazo World Bank ABOUT LSMS The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS), a survey program housed within the World Bank’s Develop- ment Data Group, provides technical assistance to national statistical offices in the design and implementation of multi-topic household surveys. Since its inception in the early 1980s, the LSMS program has worked with dozens of statistical offices around the world, generating high-quality data, developing innovative technologies and improved survey methodologies, and building technical capacity. The LSMS team also provides technical support across the World Bank in the design and implementation of household surveys and in the measurement and monitoring of poverty. ABOUT THIS SERIES The LSMS Guidebook series offers information on best practices related to survey design and implementation. While the Guidebooks differ in scope, length, and style, they share a common objective: to provide statistical agen- cies, researchers, and practitioners with rigorous yet practical guidance on a range of issues related to designing and fielding high-quality household surveys. The series aims to achieve this goal by drawing on the experience accumu- lated from decades of LSMS survey implementation, the expertise of LSMS staff and other survey experts, and new research using LSMS data and methodological validation studies. Copyright © 2019 The World Bank. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following condition: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Miller, D.C., Muñoz-Mora, J.C., Zezza, A., Durazo, J. (2019). Trees on Farms: Measuring Their Contri- bution to Household Welfare. A Guidebook for Designing Household Surveys. Washington DC: World Bank. Disclaimer The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this Guidebook are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) World Bank Development Data Group (DECDG) [email protected] surveys.worldbank.org/lsms data.worldbank.org Cover images: F. Amadu, DC Miller Cover design and layout: Deirdre Launt TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................................................V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. VII 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. TREES ON FARMS AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ............................................................... 3 3.TREES ON FARMS IN EXISTING HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ................................................................................... 4 4. MODULE OPTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND MULTI-TOPIC HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ............................7 KEY DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 FEATURES OF THE SHORT VERSION ..........................................................................................................................................................................10 FEATURES OF THE STANDARD VERSION ...............................................................................................................................................................10 FEATURES OF AN EXTENDED VERSION .................................................................................................................................................................12 5. TREES ON FARMS MODULE: THE STANDARD VERSION IN DETAIL ..............................................................14 6. CONCLUSIONS ...........................................................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................20 ANNEXES ..........................................................................................................................................................................23 ANNEX A: SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF TREES ON FARMS BY TYPE ............................................................................................. 23 ANNEX B: TREES ON FARMS MODULE TEMPLATE ........................................................................................................................................25 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Number of trees on farms-related questions in LSMS-ISA, by module and country .......................................................5 Figure 2: Categories of trees on farms in relation to survey modules ..........................................................................................................6 Figure 3: Standard version of a household survey for trees on farms ...........................................................................................................8 Figure 4: Source of collected firewood in Mali field test of survey modules ........................................................................................11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Content summary for the Trees on Farms Module for Multi-Topic Household Surveys .................................................8 Table 2: Potential module implementation based on survey interest ............................................................................................................9 LIST OF BOXES Box 1: What is a tree? .............................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Box 2: Pilot testing the ToF modules in Mali ..............................................................................................................................................................11 Box 3: Extended ToF module, building on the standard ToF module with elements from the Forestry Module (FM), Woodfuels Module (WM) and Land Tenure Module (LM) ............................................................................................................................13 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CAPI Computer-Assisted Personal Interview CCAFS CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CSA Climate Smart Agriculture FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GPS Global Positioning System ICRAF World Agroforestry Center IFRI International Forest Resources and Institutions research network IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change L&MICs Low- and Middle-Income Countries LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study LSMS-ISA Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture NBS National Bureau of Statistics NSO National Statistical Office OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development PROFOR The Program on Forests SDG Sustainable Development Goals ToF Trees on Farms UN United Nations v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was made possible by funding from The Program on Forests (PROFOR) through activity #TF017937. The authors would like to thank Raka Banerjee, Gero Carletto, Luc Christiaensen, Peter Dewees, Talip Kilic, Gbe- misola “Mimi” Oseni, Frank Place, and Giulia Ponzini for their comments and other inputs during the preparation and review of this guidebook. Special thanks are due to Ismael Yacoubou Djima and the field team that tested the modules in Mali. vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Guidebook presents a module template for integrating information on trees on farms and