Commented checklist of European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) Huemer, Peter; Karsholt, Ole Published in: ZooKeys DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.921.49197 Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Huemer, P., & Karsholt, O. (2020). Commented checklist of European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera). ZooKeys, 921, 65-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.921.49197 Download date: 27. sep.. 2021 A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 921: 65–140 (2020) Checklist European Gelechiidae 65 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.921.49197 CHECKLIST http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Commented checklist of European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) Peter Huemer1, Ole Karsholt2 1 Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges.m.b.H., Innsbruck, Austria 2 Zoolo- gical Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Co penhagen, Denmark Corresponding author: Peter Huemer ([email protected]) Academic editor: Mark Metz | Received 8 December 2019 | Accepted 5 February 2020 | Published 24 March 2020 http://zoobank.org/5B4ADD9D-E4A5-4A28-81D7-FA7AEFDDF0F0 Citation: Huemer P, Karsholt O (2020) Commented checklist of European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera). ZooKeys 921: 65–140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.921.49197 Abstract The checklist of European Gelechiidae covers 865 species, belonging to 109 genera, with three species records which require confirmation. Further, it is the first checklist to include a complete coverage of proved syno- nyms of species and at generic level. The following taxonomic changes are introduced:Pseudosophronia con- stanti (Nel, 1998) syn. nov. of Pseudosophronia exustellus (Zeller, 1847), Metzneria expositoi Vives, 2001 syn. nov. of Metzneria aestivella (Zeller, 1839); Sophronia ascalis Gozmány, 1951 syn. nov. of Sophronia grandii Hering, 1933, Aproaerema incognitana (Gozmány, 1957) comb. nov., Aproaerema cinctelloides (Nel & Var- enne, 2012) comb. nov., Aproaerema azosterella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)comb. nov., Aproaerema montanata (Gozmány, 1957) comb. nov., Aproaerema cincticulella (Bruand, 1851) comb. nov., Aproaerema buvati (Nel, 1995) comb. nov., Aproaerema linella (Chrétien, 1904) comb. nov., Aproaerema captivella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) comb. nov., Aproaerema semicostella (Staudinger, 1871) comb. nov., Aproaerema steppicola (Junnilain- en, 2010) comb. nov., Aproaerema cottienella (Nel, 2012) comb. nov., Ptocheuusa cinerella (Chrétien, 1908) comb. nov., Pragmatodes melagonella (Constant, 1895) comb. nov., Pragmatodes albagonella (Varenne & Nel, 2010) comb. nov., Pragmatodes parvulata (Gozmány, 1953) comb. nov., Oxypteryx nigromaculella (Millière, 1872) comb. nov., Oxypteryx wilkella (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. nov., Oxypteryx ochricapilla (Rebel, 1903) comb. nov., Oxypteryx superbella (Zeller, 1839) comb. nov., Oxypteryx mirusella (Huemer & Karsholt, 2013) comb. nov., Oxypteryx baldizzonei (Karsholt & Huemer, 2013) comb. nov., Oxypteryx occidentella (Huemer & Karsholt, 2011) comb. nov., Oxypteryx libertinella (Zeller, 1872) comb. nov., Oxypteryx gemerensis (Elsner, 2013) comb. nov., Oxypteryx deserta (Piskunov, 1990) comb. nov., Oxypteryx unicolorella (Duponchel, 1843) comb. nov., Oxypteryx nigritella (Zeller, 1847) comb. nov., Oxypteryx plumbella (Heinemann, 1870) comb. nov., Oxypteryx isostacta (Meyrick, 1926) comb. nov., Oxypteryx helotella (Staudinger, 1859) comb. nov., Oxypteryx parahelotella (Nel, 1995) comb. nov., Oxypteryx graecatella (Šumpich & Skyva, 2012) comb. nov.; Aproaerema genistae (Walsingham, 1908) comb. rev., Aproaerema thaumalea (Walsingham, 1905) comb. rev.; Copyright Peter Huemer, Ole Karsholt. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 66 Peter Huemer & Ole Karsholt / ZooKeys 921: 65–140 (2020) Dichomeris neatodes Meyrick, 1923 sp. rev.; Caryocolum horoscopa (Meyrick, 1926) stat. rev.; Ivanauskiella occitanica (Nel & Varenne, 2013) sp. rev.; Apodia martinii Petry, 1911 sp. rev.; Caulastrocecis cryptoxena (Gozmány, 1952) sp. rev. Following Article 23.9.2 ICZN we propose Caryocolum blandella (Douglas, 1852) (Gelechia) nom. protectum and Caryocolum signatella (Eversmann, 1844) (Lita) nom. oblitum. Keywords Europe, species diversity, cryptic diversity, DNA barcoding, synonymy, new combination Introduction Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, are among the best-known insects, and due to a long tradition of studying Lepidoptera in Europe our knowledge of European Lepidoptera is more comprehensive compared to other parts of the world. Even though Lepidoptera is a well-defined group they exhibit a huge diversity in size, colour and wing markings. Whereas everybody can recognize a butterfly the vast majority of Lepidoptera are small and often dull coloured insects. One such group is the family Gelechiidae. They have for a long time been rather neglected by most lepidopterists mainly due to their external sim- ilarity and lack of resources for their identification. Over the last couple of decades, the latter problem has partly been addressed, e.g., Elsner et al. (1999), Huemer and Karsholt (1999, 2010), and at the same time there has been an increasing research interest in the Gelechiidae, resulting in a number of smaller and larger taxonomic reviews and faunistic publications (see reference list) dealing with these moths. However, what was becoming increasingly a hindrance for ongoing research was the lack of an updated checklist of European Gelechiidae. In particular, when planning an extensive DNA barcoding pro- ject for the family (Huemer et al. 2020), this deficit became obvious and therefore the authors decided to compile such a checklist for this and future requirements. A checklist is the most basic taxonomic work on a group of organisms. It can be alphabetical or systematic, viz. trying to reflect the current knowledge of the relation- ship of the included taxa. This checklist is in systematic order, and it moreover includes synonyms and annotations. Its aim is to present an updated overview of the Gelechii- dae known from Europe. This is highly appropriate as nearly a quarter of the currently known species have been described since 1990 (Huemer et al. 2020). This checklist of European Gelechiidae is the first one to include all known syno- nyms of genera and species of Europaean Gelechiidae. It is mainly based on data pub- lished in Fauna Europaea (Karsholt 2004–2019) but supplemented with numerous published and unpublished additions and corrections from the last few years. It covers all currently accepted species known from the European fauna and their synonyms. Subspecies are not given separate entries, but listed among synonyms, though marked as subspecies. Subgenera are listed among generic synonyms. The considerable number of likely undescribed species (Huemer et al. 2020) are not included in the list. Taxonomically critical genera and species, especially possible cases of cryptic diver- sity (Fig. 1) manifested by divergent DNA barcodes, are commented on in detail (see also Huemer et al. 2020). Checklist European Gelechiidae 67 Figure 1. Alpine species of Sattleria are a striking example of long underestimated species diversity (pho- tograph Michel Billard). Materials and methods Geographic restriction For the purpose of the present checklist we define Europe in a broad sense, which includes the Ural Mountains, Russian parts of the Caucasus, the ‘European’ part of Kazakhstan, the Mediterranean islands and the Macaronesian Islands (except Cape Verde) (Fig. 2). The inclusion of the Russian parts of the Caucasus only added four species to the list (Acompsia caucasella Huemer & Karsholt, Neofriseria caucasicella Sattler, Chionodes caucasiella Huemer & Sattler and Scrobipalpa caucasica (Povolný)), which is surprising. One would expect a richer gelechiid fauna to occur in this vast and diverse mountain system. However, most likely the species inventory is simply underestimated as only few lepidopterists have done field research in this area so far. Content and structure of the checklist The checklist is restricted to described nominal taxa. Potentially undescribed species (Huemer et al. 2020) are not included. Species introduced from other parts of the World are only included if they are known to have been naturalized within the area described above. Doubtful, though possible, records of occurrence are considered in the checklist 68 Peter Huemer & Ole Karsholt / ZooKeys 921: 65–140 (2020) and marked with an asterisk *, whereas confirmed incorrect records and doubtful species (taxa incertae sedis) are not listed. Names applied to misidentified taxa are listed only in cases where the incorrect taxonomy has been widely used or where the misidentification can easily cause misunderstandings. These are marked with auct. (= of authors). Systematic arrangement The higher classification follows the molecular study of Karsholt et al. (2013), whereas the listed order of genera and species is largely according to published revisions and data from Huemer et al. (2020). Synonymy Although our knowledge of European Gelechiidae has increased much over the last years, there are still available species-group names in the family which have not yet been associated with known species. Very few of these are likely to represent additional taxa, whereas