ILU4Lsf stqq2 1 WORLD BANKTECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 181 AFRICATECHNICAL DEPARTMENT SERIES Public Disclosure Authorized trat2ey fair AffncainMamin Mining Unit, Industry and Energy Division Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized X rN21 >SUp0 Public Disclosure Authorized RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS No. 117 Barghouti, Timmer, and Siegel,Rural Diversification:Lessonsfrom East Asia No. 118 Pritchard, Lending by the WorldBankfor Agricultural Research: A Reviewof the Years1981 through 1987 No. 119 Asia Region Technical Department, FloodControl in Bangladesh:A Planfor Action No. 120 Plusquellec, The GeziraIrrigation Scheme in Sudan:Objectives, Design, and Performance No. 121 Listorti, EnvironmentalHealth Components for WaterSupply, Sanitation,and UrbanProjects No. 122 Dessing, Supportfor Microenterprises:Lessons for Sub-SaharanAfrica No. 123 Barghouti and Le Moigne, Irrigationin Sub-SaharanAfrica: The Developmentof Public and PrivateSystems No. 124 Zymelman, Science,Education, and Developmentin Sub-SaharanAfrica No. 125 van de Walle and Foster, Fertility Declinein Africa:Assessment and Prospects No. 126 Davis, MacKnight, IMO Staff, and Others, EnvironmentalConsiderations for Portand Harbor Developments No. 127 Doolette and Magrath, editors, WatershedDevelopment in Asia:Strategies and Technologies No. 128 Gastellu-Etchegorry, editor, SatelliteRemote SensingforAgricultural Projects No. 129 Berkoff, IrrigationManagement on theIndo-Gangetic Plain No. 130 Agnes Kiss, editor, Living with Wildlife:Wildlife Resource Management with LocalParticipation in Africa No. 131 Nair, The Prospectsfor Agroforestryin the Tropics No. 132 Murphy, Casley, and Curry, Farmers'Estimations as a Sourceof ProductionData: Methodological Guidelinesfor Cerealsin Africa No. 133 Agriculture and Rural Development Department, ACIAR, AIDAB,and ISNAR, Agricultural Biotechnology:The Next "GreenRevolution"? No. 134 de Haan and Bekure, Animal Healthin Sub-SaharanAfrica: Initial Experienceswith Alternative Approaches No. 135 Walshe, Grindle, Nell, and Bachmann, DairyDevelopment in Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Study of Issues and Options No. 136 Green, editor, CoconutProduction: Present Status and PrioritiesforResearch No. 137 Constant and Sheldrick, An OutlookforFertilizer Demand, Supply, and Trade,1988/89-1993/94 No. 138 Steel and Webster,Small Enterprises under Adjustment in Ghana No. 139 Environment Department, EnvironmentalAssessment Sourcebook, vol. I: Policies,Procedures, and Cross-SectoralIssues No. 140 Environment Department, EnvironmentalAssessment Sourcebook, vol. J::Sectoral Guidelines No. 141 Riverson,Gaviria, and Thriscutt,Rural Roads in Sub-SaharanAfrica: Lessons from WorldBank Experience No. 142 Kiss and Meerman, IntegratedPest Management and African Agriculture No. 143 Grut, Gray, and Egli, ForestPricing and ConcessionPolicies: Managing the High Forestof West and CentralAfrica No. 144 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/Industry Fertilizer Working Group, Worldand RegionalSupply and DemandBalances for Nitrogen,Phosphate, and Potash,1989/90-1995/96 No. 145 Ivanek, Nulty, and Holcer, ManufacturingTelecommunications Equipment in Newly Industrializing Countries:The Effectof TechnologicalProgress No. 146 Dejene and Olivares, IntegratingEnvironmental Issues into a Strategyfor SustainableAgricultural Development:The Caseof Mozambique No. 147 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, Fisheriesand AquacultureResearch Capabilities and Needs in Asia: Studiesof India, Thailand,Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines,and the ASEAN Region (List continues on the inside back cover) WORLDBANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 181 AFRICATECHNICAL DEPARTMENT SERIES Strategy for African Mining Mining Unit,Industry and Energ Division The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright ©31992 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 1992 Technical Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. Any maps that accompany the text have been prepared solely for the convenience of readers; the designations and presentation of material in them do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank, its affiliates, or its Board or member countries concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of the authorities thereof or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or its national affiliation. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970,U.S.A. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, Department F, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'I6na, 75116Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-7494 In the Africa Techrical Departinent of the World Bank, John E. Strongman is the Head of the Mining Unit, Ernst Bolte is senior economist, Peter Fozzard is senior geologist, Peter van der Veen is principal mining engineer, and Micheline Mescher is a consultant. Philip Daniel is a fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at Sussex University in the United Kingdom. Keith Suttill is associate editor of Engineeringand Mining Journal in London. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData is available. Library of Congress Card Number 92-24426 AFRICA TECINICAL DEPARTMENT SERIES Technical Paper Series No. 122 Dessing, Supportfor Microenterprises:Lessons for Sub-SaharanAfrica No. 130 Kiss, editor, Living with Wildlife:Wildlife Resource Management with LocalParticipation in Africa No. 132 Murphy, Casley, and Curry, Farners' Estinationsas a Sourceof ProductionData: Methodological Guidelinesfor Cerealsin Africa No. 135 Walshe, Grindle, Nell, and Bachmann, Dairy Developmentin Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Study of Issues and Options No. 141 Riverson,Gaviria, and Thriscutt,Rural Roads in Sub-SaharanAfrica Lessonsfrom WorldBank Experience No.142 Kiss and Meerman, IntegratedPest Management and AfricanAgriculture No.143 Grut, Gray, and Egli,Forest Pricing and ConcessionPolicies: Managing the High Forestsof West and CentralAfrica No.157 Critchley, Reij,and Seznec, WaterHarvestingfor Plant Production,vol. II: Case Studies and Conclusionsfor Sub-SaharanAfrica No. 161 Riverson and Carapetis, IntermediateMeans of Transportin Sub-SaharanAfrica: Its Potential for ImprovingRural Traveland Transport No. 165 Kellaghan and Greaney, Using Examinationsto ImproveEducation: A Study in FourteenAfrican Countries No. 179 Speirs and Olsen, IndigenousIntegrated Farming Systems in the Sahel Discussion Paper Series No. 82 Psacharopoulos, Why EducationalPolicies Can Fail: An Overviewof SelectedAfrican Experiences No. 83 Craig, ComparativeAfrican Experiencesin ImplementingEducational Policies No. 84 Kiros, ImplementingEducational Policies in Ethiopia No. 85 Eshiwani, ImplementingEducational Policies in Kenya No. 86 Galabawa, ImplementingEducational Policies in Tanzania No. 87 Thelejani, ImplementingEducational Policies in Lesotho No. 88 Magalula, ImplementingEducational Policies in Swaziland No. 89 Odaet, ImplementingEducational Policies in Uganda No. 90 Achola, ImplementingEducational Policies in Zambia No.91 Maravanyika, ImplementingEducational Policies in Zimbabwe No. 101 Russell, Jacobsen, and Stanley, InternationalMigration and Developmentin Sub-SaharanAfrica, vol. I: Overview No. 102 Russell, Jacobsen, and Stanley, InternationalMigration and Developmentin Sub-SaharanAfrica, vol.1: CountryAnalyses No. 132 Fuller and Habte, editors, Adjusting EducationalPolicies: Conserving Resources while Raising School Quality No. 147 Jaeger, The Effectsof EconomicPolicies on AfricanAgriculture: From Past Harm to FutureHope Foreword The mining sector is an important World mining activity is largely carried out by the source of tax revenues and foreign exchange which private sector and, in particular, international are essential to Africa's economic recovery. enterprises that have built-up the necessary Artisanal mining provides a living for nearly one technical, managerial and financial capabilities to million miners and their families