Wijma 1 Woe to Them That Have a Nose: A Diachronic Comparative Analysis of The Phantom of the Opera 1910 - 2004 An Independent Research Project by Merijn Wijma Dr. Clara Pafort-Overduin 2nd Reader: Dr. Ewa Tak-Ignaczak A&H300 – Independent Research Project 14 May 2014 Wijma 2 Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6 The Novel and its Author ................................................................................................................... 8 The Films ........................................................................................................................................... 9 The Structure of this Paper ............................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom ........................................................... 13 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 13 The Novel ......................................................................................................................................... 15 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 15 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 19 The 1925 Film .................................................................................................................................. 19 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 19 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 24 The 1943 Film .................................................................................................................................. 25 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 25 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 27 The 1962 Film .................................................................................................................................. 28 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 28 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 31 The 1983 Film .................................................................................................................................. 32 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 32 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 34 The 1990 Film .................................................................................................................................. 35 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 35 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 38 The 2004 Film .................................................................................................................................. 39 The Characterisation and Depiction of the Phantom .................................................................... 39 Wijma 3 Appearance ................................................................................................................................... 42 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................ 43 The production context ................................................................................................................. 43 The Chandelier ......................................................................................................................... 43 The Phantom’s Music ............................................................................................................... 44 The Unmasking ........................................................................................................................ 44 The Disfigurement .................................................................................................................... 45 Scary or Gentle ......................................................................................................................... 48 Explanations ............................................................................................................................. 52 The Cultural/Historical Context ................................................................................................... 54 The Disfigurement .................................................................................................................... 54 Scary or Gentle ......................................................................................................................... 55 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 2: The Love Triangle .............................................................................................................. 58 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 58 The Novel ......................................................................................................................................... 58 The Characterisation and Depiction of Christine .......................................................................... 58 The Characterisation and Depiction of Raoul ............................................................................... 59 The Relationship between Christine and Raoul ............................................................................ 60 The Relationship between Erik and Christine ............................................................................... 61 The Relationship between Erik and Raoul .................................................................................... 62 The 1925 Film .................................................................................................................................. 63 The Characterisation and Depiction of Christine .......................................................................... 63 The Characterisation and Depiction of Raoul ............................................................................... 64 The Relationship between Christine and Raoul ............................................................................ 64 The Relationship between Christine and Erik ............................................................................... 65 The Relationship between Erik and Raoul .................................................................................... 66 The 1943 Film .................................................................................................................................. 66 The Characterisation and Depiction of Christine .......................................................................... 66 The Characterisation and Depiction of Raoul and Anatole ........................................................... 67 Wijma 4 The Relationship between Christine and Raoul and Anatole ........................................................ 68 The Relationship between Christine and the Phantom .................................................................. 69 The Relationship between Raoul, Anatole and the Phantom ........................................................ 69 The 1962 Film .................................................................................................................................. 70 The Characterisation and Depiction of Christine .......................................................................... 70 The Characterisation and Depiction of Harry Hunter .................................................................. 71 The Relationship between Christine and Harry Hunter ................................................................ 71 The Relationship between Christine and the Phantom .................................................................. 72 The Relationship between the Phantom and Hunter ..................................................................... 72 The 1983 Film .................................................................................................................................. 73 The Characterisation and Depiction of Maria ............................................................................... 73 The Characterisation and Depiction