Proceedings of the Workshop/Discussions on INTEGRATED MANILA BAY/LAGUNA LAKE SYSTEM AND SURROUNDING WATERSHEDS Sponsored by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science In Cooperation with Tokyo Institute of Technology University of the Philippines De La Salle University Held in November 23-24, 2000 at Hotel Rembrandt, Quezon City i CONFERENCE/DISCUSSIONS ON MANILA BAY/LAGUNA LAKE Foreword This conference was sponsored by Water and Environmental Group of the Core University Program (1999-2009) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) in coordination with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). The Core University Program provides technical and cultural exchange between science and engineering faculty of the Philippines and Japan. The lead universities in this Program are Tokyo Institute of Technology and the University of the Philippines. Early in this program, the Water and Environmental Group has agreed that a promising collaborative research effort that is comprehensive, integrative and multi- disciplinary in nature would be to study Manila Bay and Laguna Lake including its tributary rivers. The Manila Bay/Laguna Lake system is important since it is in the vicinity of Metro Manila, which is the most economically, politically and demographically active area in the Philippines. For a complex and multipurpose water resource system such as the Manila Bay/Laguna Lake system, the concern of the Group is mainly on the investigation of various technical and environmental issues and concerns of the system although it is recognized that there are important economic and political dimensions that need to be considered. As a first step towards this goal, the Water and Environmental Group decided that a conference/discussions of the state of Manila Bay/Laguna Lake system would be a first, logical activity to gather people of various expertise, experience, stakes and interests in this system. Thus, the major objective of this conference was for the participants to learn, to become aware, to share, to update themselves and to be able to assess or reassess the various issues, problems, knowledge, studies, and ongoing programs of the state of the bay/lake system. To put structure in the discussions, various key persons were invited to discuss the different topics as follows: o Physical Environments o Biological Environments o Pollution, Sedimentation and Water Quality o Socio-Economic Developments and Infrastructure o Governance and Institutions o Data Monitoring and Needs o Modeling and Research Needs This was a two-day conference and the format was that the morning were presentations by the various speakers for each given topic and then the afternoons were devoted to discussion or open forum according to topics. In this conference, we are again reminded that it is always important to have a continuous dialogue among the academics, government personnel, practitioners and ii consultants. We have realized that there are indeed several and parallel efforts of water and environmental related works in the Manila Bay/Laguna Lake system that offer possibilities of collaboration and sharing of information, ideas and knowledge without starting from scratch. Problems in data monitoring and information dissemination was also widely discussed. The lack of data collection is primarily due to lack of and/or low priority in funding. However, lack or delay in information dissemination is perhaps due to lack of networking among ourselves. Casual phone calls or formal conferences like this should be a continuous process so we can communicate freely with each other. Guillermo Q. Tabios III Kazuo Nadaoka March 2001 Acknowledgements: The following persons are gratefully acknowledged: Renan Tanhueco for assisting in the planning of this conference, Leonardo Liongson for various technical support and assistance; Nitz Bernardo, Oddie Herrera and Precy Castro for the secretarial support; Eric Paringit, Gaku Hanada and Aoki Kuroki for the tape recording this conference; and finally, Luz Ang for transcriptions of tape recordings and editing of this conference proceedings. iii Contents FOREWORD Ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii CONTENTS iv I. OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES………………………………………………………………………… 1 II. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS…………………………………………………………………………….. 5 III. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS………………………………………………………………………….. 15 IV. POLLUTION, SEDIMENTATION AND WATER QUALITY…………………………………………….. 26 V. OPEN FORUM ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS, BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS AND 34 POLLUTION, SEDIMENTATION AND WATER QUALITY…………………………………………….. VI. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND INFRASTRUCSTURE………………………………... 59 VII. GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS……………………………………………………………………. 69 VIII. DATA MONITORING AND NEEDS………………………………………………………………………. 72 IX. MODELING AND RESEARCH NEEDS………………………………………………………………….. 77 X. OPEN FORUM ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE, 85 GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS, DATA MONITORING AND NEEDS, AND MODELING AND RESEARCH NEEDS…………………………………………………………………………………. A. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS………………………………………………………………………………….. 109 B. CONFERENCE/DISCUSSION PROGRAM……………………………………………………………… 110 C. LIST OF ACRONYMS USED IN THIS TEXT……………………………………………………………. 115 iv I. OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Speakers: Guillermo Q. Tabios III, University of the Philippines, Diliman Kazuo Nadaoka, Tokyo Institute of Technology Topics Discussed: Goals, expectations, format and schedule of conference/discussions Involvement of Japanese professors 1 I. OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Dr. Guillermo Q. Tabios III Department of Civil Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this conference. We hope to have a good time in the next two days. This conference is made possible by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in cooperation with the Department of Science and Technology under the Core University Program. This is a 10-year program that started in 1998 and it provides technical and cultural exchange between scientists, engineers and professors of the University of the Philippines, De La Salle University and various other universities in the country. There are four areas of studies or groups in this program: geotechnical engineering; structural and construction, transportation; and, our group, the environmental and water/coastal/marine resources group. This specific project on integrated Manila Bay/Laguna Lake study is going to run for four or five years and our main objective is to investigate technical and environmental issues and concerns of this system. We have three major plans and activities for this project, and this conference on Manila Bay-Laguna Lake System is one of them. We want to gather people of different interests in this conference, the stakeholders in the Bay-Lake systems, government agencies, NGOs, and other organizations; to learn from each other, to share ideas, to become aware and updated on the various problems, knowledge, studies, programs related to the topic, the Bay-Lake system. Our second plan or activity is writing a resource book on the status of the Bay Lake system. This is a two to three years project and we welcome anyone who wishes to get involve in the book writing. The topics of the resource book basically will be the same as the coverage of this conference. The third major activity is to develop a comprehensive hydraulic/hydrodynamic model of Manila Bay and Laguna Lake including the hydrology of surrounding watersheds. This model will be a water quantity and quality model of the bay/lake system. It is essentially a linked model of Manila Bay and Laguna Lake, linked through Pasig River. While I was in Japan from July to September this year, we have started a very preliminary version of a linked hydraulic/hydrodynamic model of this bay/lake system. It still lacks the water quality model and especially model calibration. The fourth and another big project is data monitoring project of Manila Bay and Laguna Lake. Using modern devices and computer data acquisition techniques, this project is to monitor water data, two-dimensional velocities, turbidities, especially at short time intervals. In the beginning, we thought that in order to make a concrete framework to aid in solving problems in the Manila Bay/Laguna Lake system, we need to create a large-scale model of the Bay-Lake system. But then, even if we have the model, it would not be useful if we are not able to calibrate it. Moreover, if we just develop the model based on our background, interests or 2 biases, it might not be useful to the real world. So we decided to hold this conference to bring in people and raise significant and substantial issues, concerns and problems and incorporate these ideas, experiences and results in the model. The Bay/Lake system itself is very dynamic and for that matter, even the way we view things, concerns, issues, problems will always be dynamic, so we hope that this activity will be a continuing effort for all of us. The resource book is of course another good vehicle for sharing information. Among other things, it will contain output from the modeling effort, the data collection activity and the outcome of this 2-day conference. I hope you all got copies of the program and the details of our activities for today and tomorrow. Just to give you a quick rundown; today we will look at the physical and biological environments, we will delve into pollution and sedimentation of the Bake-Lake system; tomorrow, we will look at other aspects of the Bay-Lake system, such as socio-economic developments, infrastructure,