Exchange Rate 1 Pakistan Rupee (Rs.) = 0.871 Japanese Yen (Yen) 1 Yen = 1.148 Rs. 1 US dollar (US$) = 77.82 Yen 1 US$ = 89.34 Rs. Karachi Transportation Improvement Project Final Report Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Chapter 1 Review of Policies, Development Plans, and Studies .................................................... 1-1 1.1 Review of Urban Development Policies, Plans, Related Laws and Regulations .............. 1-1 1.1.1 Previous Development Master Plans ................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.2 Karachi Strategic Development Plan 2020 ........................................................................ 1-3 1.1.3 Urban Development Projects ............................................................................................. 1-6 1.1.4 Laws and Regulations on Urban Development ................................................................. 1-7 1.1.5 Laws and Regulations on Environmental Considerations ................................................. 1-8 1.2 Review of Policies and Development Programs in Transport Sector .............................. 1-20 1.2.1 History of Transport Master Plan .................................................................................... 1-20 1.2.2 Karachi Mass Transit Corridors ...................................................................................... 1-22 1.2.3 Policies in Transport Sector ............................................................................................. 1-28 1.2.4 Karachi Mega City Sustainable Development Project (ADB) ........................................ 1-32 1.2.5 CNG Green Bus Project by TCD .................................................................................... 1-33 1.2.6 Shaheed Benazir Bhutto CNG Bus Project ..................................................................... 1-33 1.2.7 Karachi Circular Railway (KCR) .................................................................................... 1-34 1.3 Review of Previous Transport Sector Studies ................................................................. 1-35 1.3.1 Private-Public partnership based environmental friendly public transport system for Karachi (2006) ................................................................................................................. 1-35 1.3.2 Green Route Confirmatory Study for Karachi (2008) ..................................................... 1-36 1.3.3 Feasibility Study & Development of Transportation Control Plan of Karachi Metropolis (2007) .............................................................................................................................. 1-37 1.3.4 Pak-USAID Karachi Metropolitan ITS Project ............................................................... 1-37 1.3.5 Traffic Studies/ Surveys in Karachi by TCD ................................................................... 1-37 1.3.6 Person Trip Survey for Karachi City (2005) ................................................................... 1-39 1.3.7 The Study on Future Traffic Demand Forecast of Karachi City (2008) .......................... 1-39 1.4 Issues from the Review .................................................................................................... 1-39 1.4.1 Duplication of Mass Transit Corridors ............................................................................ 1-39 1.4.2 Changes in Urban Condition along the Corridors ........................................................... 1-40 1.4.3 Failures Repeated for Priority Corridors ......................................................................... 1-40 1.4.4 Disorganized Transport Strategy and Policy ................................................................... 1-40 1.4.5 Lack of Successful Transport Project .............................................................................. 1-40 Chapter 2 Traffic Surveys ................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Traffic Surveys conducted in KTIP ................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Traffic Volume .................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2.1 Mid Block Traffic Count Survey ....................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Cordon Line Survey........................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.3 Screen Line Survey ............................................................................................................ 2-4 2.3 Estimation of the Present OD matrix ................................................................................. 2-6 2.3.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.3.2 Expansion Factor ............................................................................................................... 2-6 2.3.3 Visitors’ Trips .................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.3.4 Adjustment of OD matrix .................................................................................................. 2-8 2.4 Analysis of Survey Results ................................................................................................ 2-9 2.4.1 Socio-economic Characteristics ........................................................................................ 2-9 2.4.2 Trip Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 2-11 2.4.3 Trip Distribution .............................................................................................................. 2-16 2.4.4 Preference of LRT ........................................................................................................... 2-18 Chapter 3 Analysis of Current Situation ......................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Socio-economic Analysis .................................................................................................. 3-1 i Karachi Transportation Improvement Project Final Report 3.1.1 Population .......................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Economic Situation............................................................................................................ 3-6 3.1.3 Car Ownership ................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.1.4 Electric Power ................................................................................................................. 3-10 3.2 Land Use .......................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.2.1 Land Use Survey ............................................................................................................. 3-11 3.2.2 Current Situation of Land Use (2010) ............................................................................. 3-13 3.2.3 Urbanization situation ...................................................................................................... 3-22 3.3 Urban Transport Facilities ............................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.1 Roads ............................................................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.2 Public Transport .............................................................................................................. 3-33 3.3.3 Inter-modal Transfer Facility ........................................................................................... 3-41 3.4 Institution, Organization, and Legal Analysis ................................................................. 3-42 3.4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3-42 3.4.2 Existing Institutional, Governance and Legal Framework .............................................. 3-42 3.4.3 Urban Transport and Mass Transit .................................................................................. 3-47 3.4.4 Institutional Structures Proposed by the Previous Studies on Karachi Mass Transit Systems ......................................................................................................................................... 3-49 3.4.5 Implementation of Mass Transit Development ............................................................... 3-51 3.4.6 Findings and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 3-53 3.5 Environmental Situation .................................................................................................. 3-57 3.6 Problem Identification of the Transport System in Karachi ............................................ 3-58 3.6.1 Low Capacity of Bus Service .......................................................................................... 3-58 3.6.2 Improper Bus Route......................................................................................................... 3-58 3.6.3 Poor Road