The Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Journal 2020 The Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Journal 2020 Amherst College University of California Claremont Colleges Consortium Philander Smith College Barnard College at Berkeley Claremont McKenna College Rust College Bowdoin College University of California Pitzer College Saint Augustine’s College Brooklyn College (CUNY) at Los Angeles Pomona College Shaw University Brown University University of California Scripps College Spelman College Bryn Mawr College at Riverside Stillman College California Institute of Technology University of Cape Town United Negro College Fund Participants Talladega College Carleton College University of Chicago Allen University Texas College City College of New York (CUNY) University of New Mexico Benedict College Tougaloo College Columbia University University of Pennsylvania Bennett College Tuskegee University Connecticut College University of Puerto Rico Bethune-Cookman University Virginia Union University Cornell University University of Southern California Claflin University Voorhees College Dartmouth College University of Texas at Austin Clark Atlanta University Wilberforce University Duke University University of the Western Cape Dillard University Wiley College Emory University University of the Witwatersrand Edward Waters College Xavier University Grinnell College Washington University in St. Louis Fisk University Harvard University Wellesley College Florida Memorial University Haverford College Wesleyan University Hampton University Heritage University Whitter College Huston-Tillotson University Howard University Williams College Interdenominational Theological Center Hunter College (CUNY) Yale University Jarvis Christian College Macalester College Johnson C. Smith University Northwestern University California State University Consortium Lane College Oberlin College California State University LeMoyne-Owen College Princeton University at Dominguez Hills (Carson, CA) Livingstone College Queens College (CUNY) California State University Miles College Rice University at Fullerton (Fullerton, CA) Morehouse College Smith College California State University Morris College Stanford University at Long Beach (Long Beach, CA) Oakwood College Swarthmore College California State University Paine College at Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA) Paul Quinn College California State University at San Bernardino (San Bernardino, CA) ­­­­­­Through subtle shades of color, the cover design represents the layers of richness and diversity that flourish within minority communities. The Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Journal 2020 A collection of scholarly research by fellows of the Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Program Preface It has been my sincere honor and pleasure to work with the talented authors of the 2020 edition of the Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship (MMUF) Journal for the first time as Editor-in-Chief. The goal of the MMUF program is to directly address one aspect of inequity within higher education by taking deliberate measures to increase diversity within the faculty of colleges and universities writ large. Since 1988, the MMUF has supported over 5000 undergrad- uate students from marginalized backgrounds with research funding, professional development, and the opportunity to work closely with a faculty mentor, among other experiences, to best prepare Fellows to enter a PhD program in the humanities or social sciences in the near future. For the past 25 years, as a branch of the MMUF program, the MMUF Journal has served to provide Fellows with an avenue to publish their original research. Going through the academic publication process— from submitting an article, to revising one’s work through the peer review process, to ultimately preparing and polishing a piece for publication— is a crucial step in the life of a budding scholar. Our hope is that through this experience, our authors feel empowered to continue to publish their work as they progress in their respective academic careers. The 2020 Journal features contributions by 30 authors from 24 colleges and universities that are part of the MMUF’s member institutions. These articles often started as seminar papers or adapted chapters of senior theses and exemplify the breadth and depth of the humanities and social sciences, particularly emphasizing the interdisciplinary work that we find in so many fields today. Though the Journal is open to scholarly work from all time periods and disciplines, we received a noteworthy amount of submissions this year deconstructing and critiquing issues of the present day. The papers presented here thought- fully and powerfully analyze and reflect on many issues of (in)equity and inclusion within contemporary society from several different perspectives and points in time. In the 2020 Journal, several authors bring buried voices and experiences of marginalized groups to life, including overlooked women in history, contemporary college students of color, and black girls in education. Others explore social activism through the arts. Yet another group interrogates the immigrant experience and the political barriers that prevent some from not only U.S. citizenship, but also safety and security within their own homes. Persistent investigation into topics such as these will remain timely, relevant, and crucial to empower desperately needed change in the U.S. for many years to come. The voices of our authors will continue to be strong and powerful through the words and ideas captured on the pages of this Journal even after they have moved on from their tenure as an MMUF Fellow. It has been a privilege to work alongside these promising scholars as they prepared their work for publication. I am in awe of their bravery and tenacity to take on through their work such important topics that are all too crucially relevant to issues of equity, access, social justice, and racism within the United States— and the world— today. We are excited and proud to share their work with you! Elizabeth Perten, PhD MMUF Journal Editor-in-Chief Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships Harvard University Editorial Board Gregory A. Llacer MMUF Journal Editorial Board Chair Director, Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships Harvard University Liza Cariaga-Lo MMUF Journal Editorial Board President and Founder The LCLO Group (A Higher Education and Workforce Development Consulting Firm) Medeva Ghee MMUF Journal Editorial Board Executive Director, The Leadership Alliance Associate Professor of the Practice of Behavioral and Social Sciences Brown University Norm Jones MMUF Journal Editorial Board Chief Equity and Inclusion Officer Amherst College Cammi Valdez MMUF Journal Editorial Board Assistant Professor Chemistry Northeastern State University Krishna Winston MMUF Journal Editorial Board Marcus L. Taft Professor of German Language and Literature, Emerita Professor of Environmental Studies, Emerita Wesleyan University Journal Administration Elizabeth Perten Assistant Director, Research and Fellowships Harvard University MMUF Program / Mellon Foundation Armando Bengochea Senior Program Officer and Director of MMUF The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Renee Johnson-Thornton Senior Program Associate and Associate Director of MMUF The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation The Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Journal 2020 Table of Contents 3 57 Jasmine A. Abang, California State University, Dominguez Hills Nestor Amador Guerrero, University of California, Los Angeles Malintzin: The Buried Voice of the Spanish Conquest Listening to Records of Resistance: A Methodology for Remembering Advisor/Mentor(s): Doris Namala the Legacies of Latinx DJs in Los Angeles Advisor/Mentor(s): Genevieve Carpio, Joshua J. Guzman 8 Joshua Acosta, California State University, Long Beach 62 Visible from the Veil: Subalternity as Agency in the Life of Mother Ignacia Nya K. Hardaway, Washington University in St. Louis del Espíritu Santo, 1660–1750 Anger as a Useful Tool: An Analysis of Black Girls’ Resistant Anger in Advisor/Mentor(s): Guotong Li a St. Louis Public Charter School Advisor/Mentor(s): Sheretta Butler-Barnes, Jonathan Fenderson, Lerone 13 Martin Chioma Anomnachi, Swarthmore College Not One Minute More: Queer Temporality, Streaming, and Black Mirror 68 as Forms of Disruption to the Temporal Scarcity of the Traditional Kimiko Hirota, Stanford University TV Industry Ending Detention: A Radical Policy Recommendation from Immigration Advisor/Mentor(s): Rachel Buurma Services at the U.S.–Mexico Border in Times of ‘Crisis’ Advisor/Mentor(s): Clayborne Carson, Michael Rosenfeld 18 Jorge M. Banuelos, Jr., Carleton College 74 “Become Black with God!”: A Black Theological Response to Sinazo Magadlela, University of the Witwatersrand Afro-Pessimism How the Women in the Black Review Found a Way to Stand in the Sun Advisor/Mentor(s): Lori Pearson Advisor/Mentor(s): Thokozani Chilenga-Butao, Siphiwe Dube 23 81 Ivanna Berríos, University of Pennsylvania Ben Maldonado, Stanford University Anger and Territory: Revolutionary Politics and Non-Figurative Metaphors “Love or Eugenics?”: Marital Bliss in the Eugenic Union in the Poetry of Chrystos Advisor/Mentor(s): Jennifer Burns, Estelle Freedman Advisor/Mentor(s): Ricardo Bracho, Jennifer Ponce de León 87 28 Christoph’ McFadden, Claflin University Libby Carr, University of Texas at Austin Shirley Caesar, DJ Suede, “You Name It!”: Evaluating the Challenges of Dancing Together Apart: Comobility and Performance in Quarantine Song Sampling Advisor/Mentor(s): Aris Clemons,