Wambo Homestead Complex Conservation Management Plan Review Report prepared for Wambo Coal Pty Ltd July 2012 Report Register The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Wambo Homestead Complex—Conservation Management Plan Review, undertaken by Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Godden Mackay Logan operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008. Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date 11-0325 1 Final Report July 2012 Copyright Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners. Unless otherwise specified or agreed, copyright in this report vests in Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd (‘GML’) and in the owners of any pre-existing historic source or reference material. Moral Rights GML asserts its Moral Rights in this work, unless otherwise acknowledged, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000. GML’s moral rights include the attribution of authorship, the right not to have the work falsely attributed and the right to integrity of authorship. Right to Use GML grants to the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title) an irrevocable royalty-free right to reproduce or use the material from this report, except where such use infringes the copyright and/or Moral Rights of GML or third parties. Contents Page 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Ownership and Heritage Background ............................................................................................ 2 1.3.2 Statutory Heritage Listings .............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Methodology and Terminology .............................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Author Identification ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 History ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Chronological Summary ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 James Hale (1816 to 1857) ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 Chronology under William Durham (1823 to 1891) ..................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Interregnum (1891 to 1905) .......................................................................................................... 13 2.1.4 The McDonald Era (1905 to 1983) ............................................................................................... 14 2.1.5 Coal-Mining (1969 to Present) ...................................................................................................... 16 2.1.6 Recent Site Conservation Management Initiatives ..................................................................... 17 2.2 Chronology of Key Historic Themes .................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Sequential Development of Wambo Homestead Complex ............................................................... 20 3.0 Physical Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 23 3.1.2 Approach ........................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1.3 Limitations ...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Site Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Study Area and its Context ........................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Layout of Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Landscaping ................................................................................................................................... 28 3.3 Buildings ................................................................................................................................................ 31 3.3.1 The New House (Main Homestead) ............................................................................................. 31 3.3.2 The Kitchen Wing (former House) ................................................................................................ 34 3.3.3 The Servants’ Wing ....................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.4 Butcher’s Hut .................................................................................................................................. 39 3.3.5 Carriage House and Stables ......................................................................................................... 41 3.3.6 Stud Master’s Cottage ................................................................................................................... 43 3.3.7 Slab Horse Boxes (‘The Stallions’ Box’) ....................................................................................... 45 3.3.8 Mounting Yard, Horse Boxes and Stock Yards ........................................................................... 47 3.4 Overview Historical Archaeological Assessment ............................................................................... 49 3.4.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 49 3.4.2 Site Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 49 3.4.3 Physical Disturbance ..................................................................................................................... 49 3.4.4 Historical Context ........................................................................................................................... 50 3.4.5 Potential Historical Archaeological Evidence ............................................................................... 51 Wambo Homestead Complex—Conservation Management Plan Review—July 2012 3.5 Endnotes............................................................................................................................................... 54 4.0 Comparative Assessment .................................................................................................................... 57 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 57 4.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 57 4.1.2 Approach ....................................................................................................................................... 57 4.2 Wambo in a Comparative Setting within the Hunter Region ............................................................ 58 4.2.1 Hunter Region Land Grants ......................................................................................................... 58 4.2.2 Rural Homestead Complexes ...................................................................................................... 58 4.2.3 Main Homestead ........................................................................................................................... 58 4.2.4 Association with Horse Breeding ................................................................................................