CONTENTS List of Figures ix List of Tables xiii SETTING THE STAGE Chapter 1 Th e Archaeology of Diff erence: Setting the Stage 1 C. Th omas McCollough and Douglas R. Edwards Chapter 2 Jewish and Muslim Heritage in Europe: Th e Role of Archaeology in Defending Cultural Diversity 13 Neil Silberman SECTION I NEOLITHIC THROUGH PERSIAN PERIODS Chapter 3 Th e Emergence of Social Complexity in the Neolithic of the Near East 19 Ofer Bar-Yosef Chapter 4 Gender and Social Hierarchy in the Chalcolithic Period in the Light of the Peqi’in Cave, Israel 41 Zvi Gal, Howard Smithline and Dina Shalem Chapter 5 Ethnicity and the Archaeological Record: Th e Case of Early Israel 49 William G. Dever Chapter 6 From Field Crops to Food: Attributing Gender and Meaning to Bread Production in Iron Age Israel 67 Carol Meyers Chapter 7 Queen or Crone? Gendered Archaeology in an LB Tomb at Gezer 85 Joe D. Seger Chapter 8 No Stelae, No Queens: Two Issues Concerning the Kings of Israel and Judah 95 Gary A. Rendsburg Chapter 9 Th e Problem of the Other(ed) Woman in Nahum 109 Julia M. O’Brien Chapter 10 Linguistic Variation Emphasized, Linguistic Variation Denied 119 Raymond F. Person, Jr. Chapter 11 Representing the Cushite Other: Th e Use of Cushite Phenotypes in Numbers 12 and Jeremiah 13:23 127 Rodney S. Sadler, Jr. v SECTION II HELLENISTIC THROUGH BYZANTINE PERIODS Chapter 12 What Sort of Jews Were the Tobiads? 141 Adam Porter Chapter 13 Th e Relationship Between Galilean Archaeology and Historical Jesus Research 151 John Dominic Crossan Chapter 14 Zum Standort des Tempels 163 Volkmar Fritz Chapter 15 “When I Went to Rome…Th ere I Saw the Menorah…” Th e Jerusalem Temple Implements During the Second Century c.e. 169 Steven Fine Chapter 16 Miqwā’ôt and Second Temple Sectarianism 181 Carol Selkin Wise Chapter 17 Th e Stepped Water Installations of the Sepphoris Acropolis 201 Katharina Galor Chapter 18 Stepped Pools and the Non-Existent Monolithic “Miqveh” 215 Stuart S. Miller Chapter 19 Jewish Ossuaries of the Early Roman Period: Continuity and Change in Death Ritual 235 Byron R. McCane Chapter 20 Attitudes Toward the Dead: Protective Measures Employed Against the Desecration of Tombs, Coffi ns, and Ossuaries 243 Rachel Hachlili Chapter 21 Khirbet Qana’s Necropolis and Ethnic Questions 257 Peter Richardson Chapter 22 Monumental Changes: Architecture and Culture in Late Roman and Early Byzantine Sepphoris 267 C. Th omas McCollough Chapter 23 Th e Butchers of Sepphoris: Archaeological Evidence of Ethnic Variability 279 Bill Grantham Chapter 24 Sepphoris and the Earliest Christian Congregations 291 James F. Strange Chapter 25 Th e Lives of Glass-Workers at Sepphoris 301 Alysia Fischer Chapter 26 Two Terracotta Figurine Fragments from the Sepphoris Acropolis 311 Melissa Aubin Chapter 27 Th e Archaeology of Bethsaida and the Historical Jesus Quest 317 Rami Arav Chapter 28 Caesarea Philippi (Paneas) in the Roman and Byzantine Periods 333 Vassilios Tzaferis Chapter 29 Rabbis, Romans, and Rabies: Religion, Disease, and the “Other” A Case Study 349 Barbara Geller Chapter 30 Celsus of Pergamum: Locating a Critic of Early Christianity 363 Stephen Goranson Chapter 31 Marketing Religious Diff erence in Late Antique Syria-Palestine: Clay Oil Lamps as Clientele Indicators 371 Eric C. Lapp Chapter 32 “Set the Showbread on the Table Before Me Always” (Exodus 25:30): Artistic Representations of the Showbread Table in Early Jewish and Christian Art 381 Zeev Weiss Chapter 33 Christians Among Jews in En-Gedi 391 Anna de Vincenz Chapter 34 Nomad Settlement in Palestine During the Late Byzantine– Early Moslem Period 397 Ze’ev Safrai and Ofer Sion Index 413 vii.