ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 23– 42) 142 Participants 249 Appendices 250 (1) Vascular Plants 144 Institutional Profiles 271 (2) Fish Sampling Stations 148 Acknowledgments 272 (3) Fishes 151 Mission and Approach 282 (4) Amphibians and Reptiles 288 (5) Birds 152 Report at a Glance 310 (6) Maijuna Names for Common Birds 159 Why the ACR Maijuna? 312 (7) Large and Medium-sized Mammals 320 (8) Bats 161 Conservation the ACR Maijuna 161 Conservation Targets 321 Literature Cited 162 Threats 328 164 Strengths Published Reports 166 Recommendations 171 Technical Report 171 Regional Overview, Overflight, Inventory Sites, and Human Communities Visited Biological Inventory 176 Vegetation and Flora 183 Fishes 190 Amphibians and Reptiles 197 Birds 205 Mammals Social Inventory 211 Social Overview of the Region 226 The Maijuna: Past, Present, and Future 233 The Maijuna Participatory Mapping Project 242 Human Communities: Conservation Targets, Assets, Threats, and Recommendations PERÚ: MAIJUNA JULIO/JULY 2010 141 PARTICIPANTS FIELD TEAM William S. Alverson (report preparation) Michael Gilmore (ethnobiology) Environment, Culture, and Conservation New Century College The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA George Mason University [email protected] Fairfax, VA, USA [email protected] Adriana Bravo (mammals ) Organization for Tropical Studies Max H. Hidalgo (fishes ) Durham, NC, USA Museo de Historia Natural [email protected] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Peru Alberto Chirif (social inventory) [email protected] Independent Consultant Iquitos, Peru Isaú Huamantupa (plants ) [email protected] Herbario Vargas Universidad Nacional San Antonio de Abad Nállarett Dávila (plants ) Cusco, Peru Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [email protected] Iquitos, Peru [email protected] Guillermo Knell (field logistics ) Ecologística Perú Álvaro del Campo (field logistics, photography, video) Lima, Peru Environment, Culture, and Conservation [email protected] The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA www.ecologisticaperu.com [email protected] Cristina López Wong (coordination) Juan Díaz Alván (birds ) Programa de Conservación, Gestión y Uso Sostenible Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana de la Diversidad Biológica en Loreto Iquitos, Peru Iquitos, Peru [email protected] [email protected] Robin B. Foster (herbarium, overflight) Jonathan A. Markel (cartography) Environment, Culture, and Conservation Environment, Culture, and Conservation The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Roosevelt García (plants ) Italo Mesones (field logistics ) Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Iquitos, Peru Iquitos, Peru [email protected] [email protected] 142 RAPID BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 22 Debra K. Moskovits (coordination, birds ) Pablo J. Venegas (amphibians and reptiles ) Environment, Culture, and Conservation Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI ) The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Lima, Peru [email protected] [email protected] Mario Pariona (field support) Rudolf von May (amphibians and reptiles ) Environment, Culture, and Conservation Florida International University The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Miami, FL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Natali Pinedo (social inventory, logistics ) Corine Vriesendorp (coordination, plants ) Proyecto Apoyo al PROCREL Environment, Culture, and Conservation Iquitos, Peru The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Ana Puerta (social inventory) Tyana Wachter (general logistics ) Proyecto Apoyo al PROCREL Environment, Culture, and Conservation Iquitos, Peru The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Iván Sipión (fishes ) Museo de Historia Natural COLLABORATORS Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Peru Comunidad Nativa de Nueva Vida [email protected] Yanayacu River, Loreto, Peru Douglas F. Stotz (birds ) Comunidad Nativa de Puerto Huamán Environment, Culture, and Conservation Yanayacu River, Loreto, Peru The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] Comunidad Nativa de San Pablo de Totolla Algodón River, Loreto, Peru Silvia Usuriaga (coordination) Proyecto Apoyo al PROCREL Comunidad Nativa de Sucusari Iquitos, Peru Sucusari River, Loreto, Peru [email protected] George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA PERÚ: MAIJUNA JULIO/JULY 2010 143 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES The Field Museum Programa de Conservación, Gestión y Uso Sostenible de la Diversidad Biológica, Gobierno Regional de Loreto The Field Museum is a collections-based research and The Gobierno Regional de Loreto (GOREL) is a legal entity, educational institution devoted to natural and cultural diversity. with political, economic, and administrative autonomy in regional Combining the fields of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, issues under its authority. Its goal is to promote integrated, and Conservation Biology, museum scientists research issues in sustainable, regional development (encouraging responsible public evolution, environmental biology, and cultural anthropology. One and private investment) and employment (guaranteeing equal division of the Museum — Environment, Culture, and Conservation opportunity for residents, and respect of their rights), in accordance (ECCo) — is dedicated to translating science into action that creates with national and regional plans and programs. and supports lasting conservation of biological and cultural diversity. ECCo works closely with local communities to ensure The Programa de Conservación, Gestión y Uso Sostenible de la their involvement in conservation through their existing cultural Diversidad Biológica (PROCREL) is a technical entity of GOREL, values and organizational strengths. With losses of natural diversity associated with its regional management group, that contributes accelerating worldwide, ECCo’s mission is to direct the museum’s to sustainable development in the Loreto region through public resources — scientific expertise, worldwide collections, innovative policies and development strategies for Áreas de Conservación education programs — to the immediate needs of conservation at Regional and the environmental benefits they offer, such as local, national, and international levels. ecological and evolutionary processes of value for conservation and sustainable use of regional biological diversity, resulting in The Field Museum a reduction of poverty in Loreto’s human population. GOREL, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive through PROCREL, is responsible for the administration of the Chicago, IL 60605-2496 USA Áreas de Conservación Regional and promotes informed and 312.922.9410 tel responsible participation of residents through co-administration www.fieldmuseum.org of these protected areas with local communities and other parties involved in their management. Programa de Conservación, Gestión y Uso Sostenible de la Diversidad Biológica Av. Abelardo Quiñónez km 1.5 Iquitos, Loreto, Peru 51.65.268151 tel www.procrel.gob.pe [email protected] 144 RAPID BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 22 Proyecto Apoyo al PROCREL Federación de Comunidades Nativas Maijuna The Federación de Comunidades Nativas Maijuna (FECONAMAI) The Proyecto Apoyo al PROCREL (PAP) is administered through an is a Peruvian non-profit organization established by the Maijuna inter-institutional consortium by the Gobierno Regional de Loreto in 2004 and registered in 2007 in the Oficina Registral in Iquitos, (GOREL), the non-governmental organization Naturaleza y Cultura Peru. FECONAMAI officially represents all four Maijuna Internacional (NCI), and the Instituto de Investigaciones de la communities located in the Peruvian Amazon: Puerto Huamán Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), in strategic alliance with the Sociedad and Nueva Vida along the Yanayacu River, San Pablo de Totoya Peruana de Derecho Ambiental and the Universidad Nacional de la (Totolla) along the Algodón River, and Sucusari along the Amazonía Peruana. PAP was established in 2006 to work closely Sucusari River. The federation’s mission is to (1) conserve the with PROCREL (the division charged by GOREL with biodiversity Maijuna culture, (2) conserve the environment, and (3) improve management) and increase conservation areas within the Áreas de Maijuna community organization. FECONAMAI has promoted Conservación Regional (ACR) system. The ACR initiative seeks to and collaborated on a wide variety of biocultural conservation empower local communities so that they take play a leadership role and sustainable development projects within Maijuna lands. in protecting and managing their natural resources. PAP project also The federation is currently petitioning for the creation of an has developed technical and legal proposals aimed at maintaining Área de Conservación Regional (ACR), that would legally and ecological processes essential for the vitality of Amazonian formally protect Maijuna ancestral lands, as the Maijuna ecosystems in Loreto. strongly feel that the survival of their people and the survival and maintenance of their cultural practices, unique traditions, Proyecto Apoyo al PROCREL and traditional subsistence strategies depend on a healthy, intact, Calle Brasil 774 and protected ecosystem. Iquitos, Loreto, Peru 51.65.607252 tel Federación de Comunidades Nativas Maijuna Comunidad Nativa