Goethe and Hugo

Goethe and Hugo

JAECK "V 5 Goetlie aod^H A Study of the West Oestlicher Divan and Les Orientales German M. A;^i 19 8 OK . ILj,: LI BRAKY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Volume -j,- W Class Book My 0»-15M --4- Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/goethehugostudyoOOjaec GOK'niK AND lllKiO A STUDY OK TlIK W KST-OKSTF^H I K K» DIVAN ANJ> I^KS ORIKNTAI.IOS BY KMMA GKKTRUDK .lAKl K THESIS KOR THE DEGRKK OP MASTER OF ARTS IN GERMAN IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILT^INOTS 1908 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Uj.^. 28 1908 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Emma Ger t rude Jaeclc ENTITLED GOETHE AND HUGO " A Comia rison of the 'VWe at- flat liciier Divan" ^nd "Le^- Or iervtitles . IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Mu,bter oi* Arts in German Approved . I. TABLE OP COlTTEilTS. I. General introduction. 1 II, Time and circumstances of composition, 2-36 General theme and arrangement Ill, Kind of poetry, mood, movement, meter. 37-46 IV. Treatment of nature - elements, moods, uses, 47-163 manner. Figures of speech, V, Thought and philosophy. 164-180 VI. Conclusion. Was Victor Hugo's "Les Orientales" (1829) especially influenced by Goethe's "West-dstlicher Divan" (1819)? lSl-211 I ' ijiiir. ., . .,. II. V/EST-SsTLICHEK DIVAJI. List of poems referred to in this discucsion. I, Moganni llameh - Buch des Singers. 1 . Hegire 3 Pre is inn n 7 Element e 8. Erschaffen und Beleben. y PhS,nomen 11. Zv/iespalt 12. Ili Gegenv/artigen Vergangenes. 14. Dreistigkeit 15. Derb und Ttlchtig. 16. All leben 18. Sollt^ ich nicht ein Gleichnis brauchen? 19. Selige Sehnsucht Nameh - Buch Hafis, 2. Anklage. 3. Fetwa. TTafis Dichterztlge 4. Der Deutsche dankt 5. Petv/a, 6. Unbegrfinzt 7. Nachbildung 8. An Hafis. 10. V/ink. 11. An Hafis. ITI. III. Usclik Naraeh - Buch der Liebe 2. Noch ein Paar. 3. Lesebuch. 9. V/as v/ird mir jede Stunde so bang. 10. Schlechter Trost 11. Gen<igsam. IV. Teskir ITameh - Buch der Betrachtungen,- 4. Lieblich ist des Madchens Blick. 5. Und v/as ira Pend - Naraeh steht. 12. Frage nicht durch welche Pforte. 13. Woher ich kara? Es ibt noch eine Frage, 17. Das Leben ist ein Gclnsespiel. 19. Sollt^ ein Mai durch Erfurt fahren. 21. Freigebiger wird betrogen. 22. V/er befehlen kann, v/ird loben, 24. Hfichste Gunst V. Rendsch ITameh - Buch des Unmuts 1. V/o hast du das genoniraen? 4, Befindet sich einer heiter und gut. 5, Ube^^jjiacht , ihr konnt es spflren. 7. Wenndu auf dem Guten ruhst 8. Als v/enn das auf Namen ruhte. 13. Sich selbst zu loben ist ein Pehler. 14. Glaubst du denn, von Mund 2U Ohr. VI, Hikmet ITameh - Buch der Sprtiche ITos. 7 5, , 21, 54, i , . IV. VII. Timur llameh - Bucii des Timur. 1. Der Winter und Timur. 2. An Suleika. VIII. Suleika Ntuneh - Buch Suleika. 5. Suleika. Hochbegltlckt in deiner Liebe. 6. Der Liebende wird nicht irre gehen. 7. I'sts raOglich, Liebchen, dass ich dich kose. 8. Suleika. Als ich auf dem Euplirat schiffte. 9. Hatem, Dies zu deuten, bin erbfitig. 10, Kenne wohl der Manner Blicke. 12. Suleika, Sag', du hast v/ohl gedichtet. 13. Suleika. Die Sonne kommt 17. An Suleika. SiUsses Kind, die Perlenreihen. 18. Die schon geschriebenen 21. Herri ich bist du v/ie Mochus. 24. Hatem. V/ie des Goldschmieds Bazarl^dchen. 25. Hatem. Locken, haltet mich gefangen. 26. Suleika. Himmer v/ill ich dich verlieren. 27. Lass'deinen sfissen Rubinei\jaund. 28. Bist du von deiner Geliebtan getrennt 33. V/enn ich dein gedenke. 37. An vollen Btlschel_^v/eigen 38, Suleika. An des lust'^^en Brunnens Hand. 40. Behramgur, sagt man. 43, Suleika. V/as bedeutet die Bewegung. 44. Hochbild. 47. V/iederf inden. V. 40. Vollmondnacht 49. Geheiraschrif t 51. Suleika. V/ie mit innigBten Beha/^en. 55. In tausend Formen magst du dich verstecken IX. Saki Nameh - Das Schenkenbuch 2. Sitz'ich allein. 11. V/isst ihr denn v/as Liebchen heiGce, 12. V/enn der KOrper ein Kerker ist 19. Schenke. Welch ein Zustand. 20, Jene garstige Bettel. 22. Schenke. Nennen dich den grossen. 24. Sake. Denk, o Kerr. 25 . Soiunernaclit 26. Der Schenke schlttfrig. X. 1/Iathal Naineh,- Buch der Parabeln. 1. Vora Hirnmel sank in wilder Schauer, 2. Bulbuls Nachtlied durch die Schauer. 4. Ob der Koran von Ev/igkeit sei. 5. Trunken mfissen wir alle sein. 8. Alle Menschen, gross und klein, 9. Vom Hinmiel steigend Jesus bracht\ 10. So lang man ntlchtern ist. XI. Parsi Nameh - Buch des Parsen. 1. VerMchtnis alt^persischer Glaubens. 2. V/enn der Mensch die Erde schatzet. XII. Schuld Nameh - Buch des Paradieses. 2. Berechtigte Manner. VI. 3. Auserv/diilte Frauen. 9. Begiinst if'^te Tiere. 11. Siebenschiafer . VII, LES ORIENTyvLP]S Tq ^i^aii rill r^SoT ± • o «~» VI V* T <c • L/cinciPXS . -z o • Xicb IcT^cb QU. OCX ciXX . A • 5 o • 7 A Q Xict Wcip X V c • 11 XJCTiP VoV w XXi T wp .- 1 T tt r» y* i x<o1 ? • SjcXT.a OUXUdllC^1 + n n P J;ct>VvXXOC.T?a p T.O "n^aT'TTl Vl ^5 X o • XJC X-'CX V XVyiiC . 14 T.p nHfl'hpaii T?nvf" 'TavpVip TiiTTiiiP 15 » 1 CB»X wXXC X lAX VJC&^^ . X o » xjd iJct octXxXC X CXUUC. X r • Xic IvdV Xli • T •TTn-fanf XO • Xj ililll dllT/ . xy Sara la Baigneuse. 20. At tent e 21. Lazzara. S2 • Voeu 23. La Ville Prise. 24. Les Adieux de I'lfotesse , , VIII. 25, Malediction. 26, Les Trongons du Serpent. 27, Ilourmahal la Rousse. 28, Les Djinns. 29, Sultan Aclimet 30, Roraance llauresque, 31, Grenade, 32, "''es Bleuets. 33, rant6\nes. 34, Mazeppa. 35, Le Danube en Colere. 36, R'everie, 37, Ext as e, 38, Le Poete au Calife. 39, Bounaberdi. 40, Lui, 41 , Novembre 1, 5:3:1 means "ITavar in V part 3, stanza 1, 2, 36:3 means "Reverie," stanza 3. -1- I. GENERAL INTRODUCTIOII. M. Th. Siipfle says that Hugo's "Les Orientales" (1829) "un des rayons de Goethe" ins jired by the "Divan occidento - oriental" (1819). Accepting this proposi.i.on as the basis of our discussion, it shall be our purpose to show through a close examination of the tv/o v/orks whether this statement is really true or whether the resemblances in thought and style are but accidental and the product of the same literary movement. 1. Quoted in Rossel - Histcire des Relations Litteraires entre la France et I'Allemagne. p. 122. II. TBIE AIJD CIRCraSTAlTCES OF COMPOSITION. General Theme and Arrangement. In a conversation with Eclcerraann Goethe said: "Die Welt ist so groas und reich und das Leben so mannigfalt ig , daas es an Anlassen zu Gedichten nie fehlen wird. Aber es miflssen alles Gelegenheitsgedichte sein; d. h,, die Y/irkliciikeit muss die Veranlassung und den St off dazu hej^^eben . , Alle meine ge Gedichte sind Gelensheits^^edicht e , sie sind durch die Wirklichkeit 1 angeregt und haben darin Grund und Boden." The "West-5stlicher Divan" is thus a collection of , "Gelegensheitsgedicht e " and the origin of its composition must be sought for in the poet's character and life as well as in the literary tendency of tlie time. From the time of the Crusades and especially after the fall of Constantinople (1453), there had been constant communication between Orient and Occident. To man's natural thirst for scien- tific knowledge was combined the phantastic longing for the magic land of the huri and genii, of the bulbul and the rose, of the ancient Parsee and the devout Moslem, a fairyland in which poetry, philosophy, religion, mythology and life were inseparably inter- mingled. This Selinsuciit for the East was peculiarly noticeable in Germany, because the Teutonic character, as it were, has Oriental traits. Orientalism aims at idealism and universality, a con- ception that found political realization in the Holy Roman Empire of Charlesmagne (Xarl der Grosse) (768-814). In fact, this emperor 1, Gesprache v. 1, p. 47-Sept. 18, 1823. even exchanged greetings v/ith tiie embasBador of the renowned nion- ctrch Harun-ul-Haacid (798). But juot as tiie bark of hif:h ideals and universal truth in often siiattered on the rocks of selfish- ness and bigotry, so tliese great all-embracing empires of the East and of the V/est foundered on the reef of selfish interests and I petty sectarianism. But tho' these aims of idealistic universality were doomed to failure in the realm of politics, in the ./orld of j the soul they moulded and developed the higher faculties of man. "Action can only be effective in proportion as it is illuminated by intellect. Society is polished in proportion as it is refined i by poetry. Religion is pure and elevating in proportion as it recognizes the unity of human hopes x/ith divine guidance, the mergence of t}ie human destiny in the divine v/ill, the magic trans- mutation of even this world of ours, v/ith its errors and its sorrows, into a very Paradise, v/here the shadows are removed by 1 the beneficent rays from the countenance of God." The Teutonic character that manifests itself in the striking imagery of an Ossian, in th.. bold speculation of a Kant, in the universality of a Sliakespeare , in the subtle mysticism of a Hamaan, in the free thought of a Herder, in the poetic emotion of a Klop- stcck but exemplifies phases of Orientalism.

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