AN ANNOTATED GUIDE OF RESOURCES, METHODS AND REPERTOIRE FOR DEVELOPING SAXOPHONE QUARTETS WITH A COLLECTION OF EXERCISES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF ENSEMBLE, LISTENING AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS by Heidi Johanna Radtke Submitted to the faculty of the Jacobs School of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Music Indiana University December 2018 Accepted by the faculty of the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Music Doctoral Committee ______________________________________ Ayana Okeeva Smith, Research Director ______________________________________ Otis Murphy, Chair ______________________________________ William Ludwig ______________________________________ Tom Walsh November 6, 2018 ii Copyright © 2018 Heidi Johanna Radtke iii Dedicated to my students, who continue to be my greatest teachers. iv Acknowledgements I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my amazing students, both at Butler University and at Carmel High School. For the past five years, these young saxophonists have inspired, encouraged, and supported my efforts. Their straightforward, and often blunt, feedback made the completion of this project possible. I would like to thank the members of my committee, especially Dr. Ayana Smith for agreeing to serve as my research director and for giving me her time, patience and supreme guidance. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Otis Murphy for taking me on as his student and for his unending support and friendship. His commitment to excellence has made a profound impact on how I teach, play, and live. I would also like to give a special thanks to Professor Debra Richtmeyer, who has been my role model, mentor, and one of my dearest friends. I would like to thank my wonderful friends and colleagues at Butler University for their fantastic support. In addition, I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to the band directors at Carmel High School, especially Michael Pote, who not only gave me the opportunity to become a member of the Carmel Band family, but also served as my notation software guru, steadfast sounding board, and most ardent supporter. The ability to learn from his tutelage and work with the students at Carmel has enriched every day of my life. Lastly, I would like to thank my friends and family for their love and encouragement and my parents, Jim and Marilyn, who graciously sacrificed the basement of their home for several weeks in order to give me a place of solitude where I could complete this document. Thank you! v Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi List of Examples ................................................................................................................ ix List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Appendices ............................................................................................................. xi Supplemental Materials .................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 : Organizational Plan and Review of Literature ................................................. 1 Purpose of Study .......................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 6 Organization of Annotations ....................................................................................................... 8 Review of Related Literature ....................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2 : Annotated Guide of Resources for Saxophone Quartet ................................. 17 Saxophone Quartet Histories ..................................................................................................... 17 Pedagogical Sources for Saxophone Quartet ............................................................................. 26 Saxophone Quartet Methods, Etudes, and Collections .............................................................. 49 Methods and Etudes .............................................................................................................. 50 Repertoire Collections ........................................................................................................... 66 Repertoire Guides ...................................................................................................................... 83 Applicable Resources from String and Chamber Music Pedagogy ........................................... 95 Chapter 3 : Conclusions from the Sources ...................................................................... 117 vi Summary of the Main Topics Addressed in the Literature ...................................................... 117 Commonalities ......................................................................................................................... 118 Benefits and Justifications ................................................................................................... 118 Instrumentation and Seating Arrangements ........................................................................ 119 Intonation and Warm-up Procedures ................................................................................... 121 Communication Skills ......................................................................................................... 123 Vibrato................................................................................................................................. 125 Rehearsal Techniques and Tools ......................................................................................... 127 Group Dynamics ................................................................................................................. 130 Unique Approaches ................................................................................................................. 133 Communication, Cueing and Signals .................................................................................. 133 Intonation, Tone, and Balance: ........................................................................................... 135 Rehearsal Technique, Score Study, and Coaching Tips: ..................................................... 137 Recommended Repertoire and Resources ............................................................................... 140 Warm-Up Materials ............................................................................................................ 141 Repertoire Collections ......................................................................................................... 141 Publishers of Saxophone Quartet Materials ........................................................................ 142 Standard Repertoire ............................................................................................................. 144 Coaching Resources ............................................................................................................ 146 Recommendations for Promoting Developing Saxophone Quartets and Suggestions for Future Research and Resources .......................................................................................................... 147 Chapter 4 : Exercises for Saxophone Quartet ................................................................. 152 Cueing Exercise 1: The Group Breath ..................................................................................... 153 Cueing Exercise 2: Ping-Pong Cueing .................................................................................... 156 Tuning Exercise 1: Quick Tune ............................................................................................... 162 vii Tuning Exercise 2: Tone Builder ............................................................................................. 166 Tuning Exercise 3: Major-Minor Sequence ............................................................................ 170 Tuning Exercise 4: Intervallic Tuning Sequence..................................................................... 174 Scale Study 1: The Extended Scale ......................................................................................... 184 Scale Study 2: Scale Train ....................................................................................................... 191 Scale Study 3: Articulation Patterns ........................................................................................ 198 Match My Melody ................................................................................................................... 202 Bach Chorale Study ................................................................................................................. 210 Sample One-Hour Rehearsal/Coaching Plan ........................................................................... 216 Appendix A: Chronological Index of “The Saxophone Quartet” Column Published in the Saxophone Journal 1994-2013 ......................................................................................