44076 CEREDIGION CLAWR 4/1/06 4:09 pm Page 1 Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society hanesceredigion.cymru ceredigionhistory.wales hanesceredigion.cymru ceredigionhistory.wales NODIADAU AR GYFER CYFRANWYR Dylid gofalu bod pob erthygl neu adolygiad wedi ei argraffu’n lân ar ffurf gofod dwbwl ar bapur A4, gydag ymyl llydan eglur ar yr ochr chwith. CEREDIGION Croesewir deunydd ar ddisg hefyd. Rhodder troednodiadau, wedi eu rhifo’n olynol, ar ddalennau ar wahân ar ddiwedd pob erthygl, a’u cadw mor fyr â phosibl. Dylid cydymffurfio â’r byrfoddau a ddefnyddiwyd yn rhifynnau blaenorol diweddar y cylchgrawn hwn. Gwahoddir cyfranwyr i ddarparu crynodeb byr yn Saesneg o erthyglau Cymraeg. NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS Articles or reviews should be clearly printed, double-spaced, on A4 paper, and have a clear left-hand margin. The submissi on of material on disk is also welcomed. (2005) 1 XV CEREDIGION Footnotes, numbered consecutivel y, should be printed on separate sheets at the end of each article and kept to a mini mum. Abbreviations used in previous recent numbers of this journal should be observed. Contributors are invited to provide a brief summary in English of articles in Welsh. CYHOEDDIADAU / PUBLICATIONS TRANSACTIONS OF THE CARDIGANSHIRE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY allan o brint/out of print CEREDIGION Mae’r rhifynnau canlynol ar gael: The following numbers are available: 1950-1973 Pris £5 yr un/Price £5 each 1974-1979 Pris £4 yr un/Price £4 each 1980-1999 Pris £3.50 yr un/Price £3.50 each 2000-2004 Pris £5 yr un/Price £5 each Mynegai/Indexes Pris £10 yr un/Price £10 each Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 Anfoner pob ymholiad ynglyˆn ag ôl-rhifynnau at yr Ysgrifennydd Cyhoeddiadau, Ms Helen Palmer,Adran Archifau, Cyngor Sir Ceredigion,Aberystwyth. All enquiries concerning back issues should be directed to the Publications Secretary, CYFROL/VOLUME XV RHIF/NUMBER 1 Ms Helen Palmer,Archives Department, Ceredigion County Council,Aberystwyth. 2005 Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrolhanesceredigion.cymru 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page i ceredigionhistory.wales 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrol 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page ii CEREDIGION Ffurfiwyd y Gymdeithas ym 1909. Ataliwyd ei gweithgarwch CEREDIGION ym 1940 ond ailgychwynnwyd ym 1947. Y tanysgrifiad blynyddol yw £10 am unigolyn, £12 am aelodaeth deuluol, i’w dalu ar 1 Ionawr bob blwyddyn. Argymhellir talu trwy Archeb Banc. Gellir cael ffurflenni oddi wrth yr Ysgrifennydd Aelodaeth, Dr David Ceri Jones, Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru, Adeilad Hugh Owen, Penglais, CYLCHGRAWN Aberystwyth. Ceredigion,SY23 3DY. Croesewir aelodau newydd. CYMDEITHAS HANES CEREDIGION Dylid anfon pob cais am gael traddodi darlith yng nghyfarfodydd y Gymdeithas at yr Ysgrifennydd Rhaglen, Dr Owen Roberts, Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru, Adeilad Hugh JOURNAL OF Owen, Penglais,Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. THE CEREDIGION HISTORICAL SOCIETY Dylid anfon deunydd i’w gyhoeddi a llyfrau i’w hadolygu at y Golygydd, Dr Eryn Mant White, Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru, Adeilad Hugh Owen, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. Dylai awduron erthyglau ymgynghori â’r Nodiadau ar gyfer Cyfranwyr. CYFROL /VOLUME XV RHIFYN/NUMBER 1 2005 The Society was formed in 1909. It suspended operations in 1940 but resumed its activities in 1947. The annual subscription is £10 for individuals, £12 for family membership, to be paid on 1 January each year. Members are recommended to pay by Banker’s Order. Forms are available from the Membership Secretary, Dr David Ceri Jones, Department of History and Welsh History, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais, Aberystwyth. Ceredigion,SY23 3DY. New members are welcome. Offers of papers to be read at meetings of the Society should be addressed to the Programme Secretary, Dr Owen Roberts, Department of History and Welsh Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 History, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais,Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. Material for publication and books for review should be sent to the Editor, Dr ISSN 0069 2263 Eryn Mant White, Department of History and Welsh History, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. Authors of articles should consult the Argraffwyd gan Wasg Gomer Notes for Contributors. Printed by Gomer Press Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrolhanesceredigion.cymru 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page i ceredigionhistory.wales 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrolhanesceredigion.cymru 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page ii ceredigionhistory.wales CEREDIGION Ffurfiwyd y Gymdeithas ym 1909. Ataliwyd ei gweithgarwch CEREDIGION ym 1940 ond ailgychwynnwyd ym 1947. Y tanysgrifiad blynyddol yw £10 am unigolyn, £12 am aelodaeth deuluol, i’w dalu ar 1 Ionawr bob blwyddyn. Argymhellir talu trwy Archeb Banc. Gellir cael ffurflenni oddi wrth yr Ysgrifennydd Aelodaeth, Dr David Ceri Jones, Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru, Adeilad Hugh Owen, Penglais, CYLCHGRAWN Aberystwyth. Ceredigion,SY23 3DY. Croesewir aelodau newydd. CYMDEITHAS HANES CEREDIGION Dylid anfon pob cais am gael traddodi darlith yng nghyfarfodydd y Gymdeithas at yr Ysgrifennydd Rhaglen, Dr Owen Roberts, Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru, Adeilad Hugh JOURNAL OF Owen, Penglais,Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. THE CEREDIGION HISTORICAL SOCIETY Dylid anfon deunydd i’w gyhoeddi a llyfrau i’w hadolygu at y Golygydd, Dr Eryn Mant White, Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru, Adeilad Hugh Owen, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. Dylai awduron erthyglau ymgynghori â’r Nodiadau ar gyfer Cyfranwyr. CYFROL /VOLUME XV RHIFYN/NUMBER 1 2005 The Society was formed in 1909. It suspended operations in 1940 but resumed its activities in 1947. The annual subscription is £10 for individuals, £12 for family membership, to be paid on 1 January each year. Members are recommended to pay by Banker’s Order. Forms are available from the Membership Secretary, Dr David Ceri Jones, Department of History and Welsh History, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais, Aberystwyth. Ceredigion,SY23 3DY. New members are welcome. Offers of papers to be read at meetings of the Society should be addressed to the Programme Secretary, Dr Owen Roberts, Department of History and Welsh Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 History, Hugh Owen Building,Rhif Elusen GofrestredigPenglais, / Registered CharityAber Number 239091ystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. Material for publication and books for review should be sent to the Editor, Dr ISSN 0069 2263 Eryn Mant White, Department of History and Welsh History, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY. Authors of articles should consult the Argraffwyd gan Wasg Gomer Notes for Contributors. Printed by Gomer Press Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrol 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page iv 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrolhanesceredigion.cymru 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page iii ceredigionhistory.wales CEREDIGION CYNNWYS/CONTENTS Tudalen/Page Retail Therapy in Seventeenth-century West Wales 1 GERALD MORGAN Ysgubor-y-coed and its Lost Mills 21 ROGER BIRD Colonel Gwynne of Mynachty (1783-1861) 53 HENRY PHYTHIAN-ADAMS Recalcitrance and Acceptance:Aspects of Centralisation 73 under the Poor Law in Cardiganshire MATTHEW GARRETT ‘A Fire Made of Shavings’? 107 the 1904 Revival in Cardiganshire HUW RODERICK Alun R. Edwards:Arloeswr a Gwireddwr Breuddwydion 139 RHEINALLT LLWYD Adroddiad Blynyddol/Annual Report 169 Cyfrifon/Statement of AccountsRhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 173 Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society 44076_Ceredigion_CyfrolCymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion4/1/06 3:38 pm Page iv Ceredigion Historical Society hanesceredigion.cymru ceredigionhistory.wales hanesceredigion.cymru ceredigionhistory.wales Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity Number 239091 Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion Ceredigion Historical Society 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrolhanesceredigion.cymru 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page 1 ceredigionhistory.wales 44076_Ceredigion_Cyfrol 4/1/06 3:38 pm Page 2 CEREDIGION RETAIL THERAPY that original purpose. It also seemed worthwhile to attempt to IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY WEST WALES trace consumer goods in the possession of lay people, goods which could have been bought from the kind of shops described. A There is a history of shopping, as of every human activity. valuable source for the study of early modern retailers, and almost There were shops in the Athenian agora, there were shops in every the only one available for large areas of Wales, is the probate Roman town, there were shops in Byzantium.We are less clear on inventory.The National Library of Wales’s index to the 180,010 the post-Roman period in Britain, but there must have been sets of probate records can yield all kinds of information, including travelling traders, merchants and craftsmen selling their wares, the numbers of men and women acknowledged, either by though in Wales we know little of them. Both before and after the themselves or their valuers, as tradesmen.‘Shopkeeper’ was not in Norman conquest of England there were certainly shops in currency until the eighteenth century; the most usual term was English cities and towns; Shrewsbury, one of the nearest to Wales, ‘mercer’. Originally the word meant a dealer in silk, but before the had fifteen mercers selling silk and muslin in 1306, and