VOLUME 10, NUMBER 3 (2015) The Case for a More Combat- Capable Arctic Offshore Patrol Ship NOPEC: A Game Worth Playing? Interoperability and the Future of the Royal Canadian Navy A Clash of Naval Strategies in the Asia-Pacific Region VOLUME 10, NUMBER 3 (2015) CANADIAN NAVAL REVIEW I Winter_2015_PRESS.indd 1 15-01-26 1:46 PM Our Sponsors and Supporters Canadian Naval Review (CNR) is a ‘not-for-profit’ corporate support CNR would not be able to maintain publication depending for funding upon its subscription its content diversity and its high quality. Corporate and base, the generosity of a small number of corporate institutional support also makes it possible to put copies sponsors, and support from the Department of National of CNR in the hands of Canadian political decision- Defence and the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies at makers. The help of all our supporters allows CNR to Dalhousie University. 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Phone: (902) 494-3769 Fax: (902) 494-3825 Email: [email protected] Contents Website: www.navalreview.ca EDITORIAL: AlwaYS THE BRIDESMAID, NEVER THE BRIDE 2 ANN GRIFFITHS Canadian Naval Review is published by the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies (CFPS) at Dalhousie University. It is a professional journal exam- THE CASE FOR A MORE COMBAT-CAPABLE ARCTIC OFFSHORE 4 ining a wide range of maritime security issues from a Canadian perspec- PaTROL SHIP tive. In particular it focuses on strategic concepts, policies, operations, ROB HUEBERT history and procurement of the Canadian Navy, plus national security in general and marine/ocean affairs. This initiative brings together NOPEC: A GAME WORTH PLAYING? 10 members of the Canadian defence and academic communities and is a ANDREW BERGEL component of the Centre’s Maritime Security Program. 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ISSN 1715-0213 Canadian Naval Review VOLUME 10, NUMBER 3 (2015) CANADIAN NAVAL REVIEW 1 Winter_2015_PRESS.indd 1 15-01-26 1:46 PM Editorial Always the Bridesmaid, Never the Bride In November I had the privilege of attending the Halifax International Security Forum (HISF). This annual forum brings together high-level politicians, diplomats and Services military personnel to discuss security issues. The agenda is set in advance by a group of academics and includes Imaging plenary sessions and off-the-record sessions to discuss issues in the security realm. The forum was opened by a speech by Peter Van Praagh, Formation President of HISF. He argued that ‘modernity’ had been Ayer, challenged in 2014. The challengers were China, Russia Rick and ISIS/ISIL/Islamic State. These challengers are in the ascendancy and modernity is under threat as they attract more adherents to their anti-modern causes. There were Corporal three things, he said, that the West could do to counter Master these forces: (1) start succeeding to provide a model that others will find attractive; (2) stop pretending that Credit: we share strategic values with China and Russia, we can cooperate on tactical matters but we don’t share a strategic vision; and (3) members of the West must meet to discuss important matters and cooperate to achieve strategic goals. His third point was the segue to the HISF discussions. His speech illustrated a theme of the forum – Rob Nicholson, Minister of National Defence, speaks during a discussion that there is an inevitable progression toward modernity session entitled “Fortress North America: How Glorious? How Free?” at the which ends with a state looking very much like the states sixth annual Halifax International Security Forum in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on in the West (in particular, the United States). I question 21 November 2014. this conclusion. Do all roads lead inevitably to liberal The second plenary session was entitled “The Next Last democracy? The assumption at HISF was yes. But that’s a Great War: The Next Battle for Modernity” and was an debate for another day. Here I would like to discuss some interesting discussion of what the panelists see for the of the plenary sessions, and make some observations future. In this session a former Prime Minister of Israel about the forum in general. and a former President of Estonia illustrated the challenge The plenary sessions included high-level representatives of addressing global conflict when we can’t even agree on from government, military and/or security organizations, the threats posed by it. For the former Israeli Prime Minis- moderated by someone from the media. The first session, ter, Russia and the events in Ukraine are “a secondary or “Fortress North America,” discussed how we can no longer tertiary” threat; the threat posed by fanatical Islam is the consider ourselves safe in North America based on our number one threat in the world and the threat on which distance from conflict. The threat now involves citizens everyone must focus. The former Estonian President within our countries who wish us harm – the so-called had a somewhat different view. He noted that the basis lone wolf terrorists for example – or cyber-attacks that of security in Europe established after World War II had need not be conducted from within the state. It became been violated by an anti-modern counter-enlightenment clear that the panelists believed that the lines between the Russia in Ukraine, and this was of huge significance. home game and the away game have become blurred. The The Indian representative on the panel had yet another conclusion was that there is a need to be vigilant at home, perspective. In his view, colonialism was still playing a there is a role to be played outside North America in order role as states continue to sort out their boundaries, and to prevent the threat from reaching our shores, and that the next great battle would be to the west of India where increased cooperation between Canada and the United few states have managed to consolidate control over their States – with mention of Mexico – is a positive goal.