Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Graduate School 8-1966 The nI termediate Hurdles John Cooper Western Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses Part of the Health and Physical Education Commons Recommended Citation Cooper, John, "The nI termediate Hurdles" (1966). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 3035. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3035 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. • WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIV ERSITY The Intermedi a te Hurd1es BY J OlIN HU GH COOPER A thesi s s ubmitted to the Faculty of West ern Kentucky University 1n pa rtial f ulfilment of t h e r e quir emen ts for the degree of Master of Ar t s i n ~ duc a tion Bowling Green , Kentucky August 1966 i A theai. submitted in partial t'ulfilmttlt of the requiremoota for the degree of Mastor of .Arts 1n Eduoation Sub.loot Tho Interned1ato Hurdlec JOHN HUGH COOPER Approved: (~iJW Carl Krieslor 9J;w.John D. !lDinton ~ Profossor of Education Dcan of tho Chn1rcan of COI!Ill1ttee Graduate School Aosooiat e Prafeaoor of EducnUon 11 p ACKN OW LEDGHENTS Sincere a ppr ecia tion for the hel p and co-oper a tion given in tbe preparati on of thi s paper 16 expressed to Dr . Henr y N. Har din , Dr . Carl Kri eeler. Dr . William 301ley and Mr. Tom Lcker. Ap prociat i on 18 also expressed to the athl etes who have their time to compl ete a nd return the questionnaire. Thanks is also expreosed to Mr s . J . A. Z. Grady and Hiss W. E. Jackson for all t he typing . Bowling Gr een, Kentucky J OHN HUGH COOPER August 1966 iii \ LI.:;, T OF TAB.Lr...3 T BLE PAGE est i onna i re Group - Sprint Ti mes • • • • • 21 11. eat i onnaire Gr ou p Sprint Ti mes • • • • • 23 111. Comparis on Be twee n Quar t er Flat and Quarter Hur dle Ti me s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26 IV. Ana l ys i s o f He i ght , ~·/ c1 ght a nd Age of ~ u art e r- N i le Hur dl e r s •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 31 V. thletes - Gener al Inf ormation • • • • • • 35 Vl. Anal ys i s 0- [ Heig h t nnd ,Je i ght • • • • • • • • 36 V11. Educa tional Level • •• • • • • • • • • • • 37 V11l. Age when Ser i ous Tr a ining Co mm enc ed • •• • •• 38 l X. An&l ysi a of 'r i me s • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 X. Annl ys i o of Comm encement of r a ining and numb er of Days Spent i n Tr a ining Per week • • • • • • • • 40 Xl. Analysis of Different Types of Tr a ining Used • • • 41 X11. I nterva l Running i n Tr a i ning • • • • • • • • • • • 43 Xl11. I nterval Runni ng • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 44 XlV. Interval Running • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 45 XV. Int erval Ru nning • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 XVl. I nterval Running • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 XVll. Repe tit ion Runni ng i n Tr a ining • • • • • • • • • 48 XVlll . Repetition Running •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49 XlX . Weigh t Tr aining • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50 xx . ~'; c i ght Tr ai ni.ng • • • • • • • • • • • • 52 XXI . Neigh t Tr a ining • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 53 XXll. Anal Y6 i s of Spr int Tr a ining • • • • • • • • • • • 54 v T DLE PAGE Analys is o f Over - Di s t anc e Training XXlll. • • 55 Training XXlV Hurdle • • • • • • • • • • • • • 56 xxv Hurdle Tr aining • • • • • • • • • • • • 57 nurdle Training XXV1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 58 XXVll nalys i s of Athl etes " ho Have an Indoor '; eaSOD 59 No . of 440 y d • • Hurdl e 1~a.ce8 Per Ye ar • • • • XXVll1 ( ppr oxima te1y ) · 60 XXlX al ysls of Warm- Up • • • • • • • • • • • • 61 xxx Analysis of Lea.d Le g • • • • • • • • • • • .• .• .• . 62 XXX1 Analysis of St ridea Between Hurdles • • • • • • 63 64 XXXl1 'fa ctiCB Du ring Racing • • • • • • • • • • • • • XXXlll Ta ctics During Racing • • • • • • • • • • • • • 65 XXX1 V Lead Leg and Number of s tri des Between Hurdles 69 xxxv Prefor ence o f Speed Over First 220 Yards • • • • 74 XXXVI Anal ysi s of Peri od of Race Where th1.etea Try • to Co nserve Energy (Coast) and 'rI bere They Usually "Kick" · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 76 vi LI ST OF FIGURES FIGU RE PA GE 1 . Shows extromes i n Mesomor phy , E ctooo r p ~ y. a nd Endo tllo r phy • • .. .. .. .. .. .. • • .. .. .. .. • • • • 2 . Distribution of Somato typoa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 30 Diagr amma tic repr esent a tion of effort required throughout the r ace .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 4. Di agr ammat i c gr aph o f the slow decelor a tion the atbl ete tri es t o obta i n by a n increase in 77 effort .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. vii CllA fER I HI S'l'ORY . ND PROGREJ3 S I NC 1 900 In or der to trace the histor y of athletics we must begin a t t he commencement of civilizat i o n, f or 8S Gar diner tells us in At hletics of the Ancient World the story of ancient athletics is t he story of Gr eek a thletics, for t he Gr eeks a s far a s we know were the only t r ue a t hleti c na tion o f a nti guity. , . Thi s s tudy however i s co nf i ned to t he Quarter-mile Inter- me diate ilurdl eo . a o we know it today , an event for which, besides ha ving a great deal of technical k nowl edge the pa rticipant muat a lao be a hi ghly tra ined i ndivi dual. Even i n Gr eok t imes , though , t he individuals would t r ain t hemselves hard i n order to be better equi pped to f a c e t he t a sk which WEl S in f r ont of them. , his , however, i s the only similarity which exi s ts between a ncient Groek a t hletics il n d the mo er n day conception o f t he ,<uarter- mile Hur dles. ~'Jh erea s t he origin of a great ma.j ority o f 1L 0dern day a t hletic events can be t r aced ba ck to t he old Greek a t hletic festivuls , t here is no evidenc e to sugiS eot t hu t t he Gr eeks i ncluded in t heir pr o gr s r.l me a n event even i n its vaguest f or m, s i milar to tha t o f the ~ u a rter - m ile ur dlea. Anci ent Greec e was not a l and of fonces a nd hedges ; the chief obs t acles bei ng str ea ms a nd di tches , hence we have the pr e- evi dence of events like t he long- jump , i n which tbe po pulution jump ed t o cl ear a l ong distanc e r ather t han for height t o clear a ba r rier. 1 . E. Horman Gar diner, Athletics of the Ancient world , ( 1st ed . r ev., Oxford , Cl a rendon Pr ess, 1 930. ) p .l. 1. 2 'fo us e the phr ase i n its literal sense i t is indeed 11 long jump from t he time of the ancient Gr eeks and the beginning of our s port t o the time when we get t he invention of a hurdle r a c e . In fact it i s not until the year 1837 t ha t No ntllguo .3h eur mo. n i n his book At hletics tel l e us that t here wer e hur dle r a c es included i n the progr ammes a t t he tut ors a nd damea houses a t Etcn, with the accept ed couree being a str aight run of one hundr ed yards and the ne gotiating of ten hurdles . 2 . "l e o tion of these r acos is again ma de in 1838. o mentioD , how ever, was mad e as to t he height of t he hurdles , but it mi ght be a05umed that it waG i n the region of the prosent r egul a tion hei ght , for t he short r a ce, o f lor ty two i nches. In 1837 J hear man r efera t o what was known as t he "Crick Ru n" , 3 . which took place at Crick , n ear Rugby , in i'ia rw i ckshirc, /:;ngl a nd . Thi a took t hc form, more of n steeplecbase t han a pure hur dl e r a ce , a nd he also mentions a steepl echase being founded in Shrewubury , Jhr o pshire, England a few yea rs l a ter. In t hese early days hurdling a nd stoeplechasi ng wer e con- s i de r ed as k i ndred s ports more or less, with the former boing a test of short- distance running plus j umping , and t he l a tter being more a test o f long- diotance r unning plun jumping . In 1845 ton i naugur a t ed its firu t annual competition in athl etics , in wh ich a steepl echas e , s print r ace s and hurdle r a ces II,l ere to be contested. No mention was made of ei t ner beight or the distanc e , but the t act t hat t here appears to have been more than one hurdle r a ce 2 .