International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES OR: ENG TRIAL CHAMBER III Before Judges: Dennis C. M. Byron Gberdao Gustave Kam Robert Fremr Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 12 November 2008 THE PROSECUTOR v. Siméon NCHAMIHIGO Case No. ICTR-01-63-T JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE Office of the Prosecutor: Defence Counsel: Alphonse Van Denis Turcotte Lloyd Strickland Benoît Henry Madeleine Schwartz Adama Niane Judgement and Sentence 12 November 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 2 1. THE INDICTMENT........................................................................................................... 2 2. OVERVIEW OF THE CASE ............................................................................................. 2 CHAPTER II: FACTUAL FINDINGS.................................................................................. 4 1. PRELIMINARY MATTERS ............................................................................................. 4 1.1. Burden of Proof and Assessment of Evidence............................................................. 4 1.2. Alibi ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.1. Nchamihigo’s Alleged Location before March 1994........................................... 6 1.2.2. Period from April to July 1994 ............................................................................ 7 1.3. Notice .......................................................................................................................... 8 2. NCHAMIHIGO’S POLITICAL CONNECTIONS.......................................................... 10 2.1. Indictment.................................................................................................................. 10 2.2. Evidence .................................................................................................................... 10 2.3. Deliberations............................................................................................................. 11 3. INDIVIDUAL KILLINGS ............................................................................................... 14 3.1. Killings on or about 7 April 1994 ............................................................................. 14 3.1.1 Indictment............................................................................................................ 14 3.1.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 14 3.1.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2. The Killing of Jean de Dieu Gakwandi and Canisius Kayihura............................... 22 3.2.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 22 3.2.3. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 22 3.2.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 23 3.3. The Killing of Emilien Nsengumuremyi, Aloys Gasali, Isidore Kagenza, and Jean- Marie Vianney Tabaro ..................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 24 3.3.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 25 3.4. The Killing of Joséphine Mukashema, Hélène and Marie ........................................ 25 3.4.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 25 3.4.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 25 3.4.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 26 3.5. The Killing of Uzier Ukwizagenza and Innocent ...................................................... 26 3.5.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 26 3.5.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 27 3.5.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 27 3.6. The Killing of Father Joseph Boneza........................................................................ 28 3.6.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 28 3.6.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 28 3.6.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 30 3.7. The Killing of Thirteen FAR Soldiers........................................................................ 30 3.7.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 30 3.7.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 31 3.7.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 31 4. ROADBLOCKS IN CYANGUGU .................................................................................. 33 4.1. Indictment.................................................................................................................. 33 4.2. Evidence .................................................................................................................... 33 i The Prosecutor v. Siméon Nchamihigo, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T Judgement and Sentence 12 November 2008 4.3. Deliberations............................................................................................................. 34 5. KAMARAMPAKA EVENTS.......................................................................................... 35 5.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................35 5.2. Killings at the Gendarmerie on 16 April 1994.......................................................... 35 5.2.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 35 5.2.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 35 5.2.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................... 42 5.3. Further Killings on 18 April 1994............................................................................. 48 5.3.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 48 5.3.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 48 5.3.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 48 6. ATTACKS AT PLACES OF REFUGE............................................................................ 49 6.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................49 6.2. Shangi Parish ............................................................................................................ 49 6.2.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 49 6.2.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 49 6.2.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 51 6.3. Hanika Parish ........................................................................................................... 53 6.3.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 53 6.3.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 53 6.3.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 56 6.4. Nyamasheke Parish ................................................................................................... 57 6.4.1. Indictment........................................................................................................... 57 6.4.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................. 57 6.4.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 58 6.5. Mibilizi Parish and Hospital ....................................................................................