Study Guide for The Family Reunion By T.S. Eliot Written by Sophie Watkiss Edited by Rosie Dalling Rehearsal photography by Marc Brenner Production photography by Johan Persson This programme has been made possible by the generous support of The Bay Foundation, Sir John Cass’s Foundation, Noel Coward Foundation, John Lyon’s Charity and Universal Consolidated Group 1 Contents Section 1 Cast and Creative Team Section 2 THE FAMILY REUNION: background to the play THE FAMILY REUNION in relation to T. S. Eliot’s life and work Family tree of characters Synopsis of Part I The ‘worlds’ of the play Indivisible time: past, present and future Perspectives from the rehearsal room Accentuating the indivisible nature of time in performance The Christian doctrine of redemption A poetic drama Section 3 THE FAMILY REUNION in rehearsal Timeline of events referred to in THE FAMILY REUNION Exploring character The Chorus in rehearsal Section 4 Bibliography and footnotes 2 section 1 Cast and Creative Team Cast (in order of speaking) Amy Agatha Ivy Violet Gemma Jones Penelope Wilton Una Stubbs Anna Carteret The Honourable Mary Harry Colonel, The Charles Piper Hattie Morahan Samuel West Honourable William Gaunt Gerald Piper Paul Shelley Denman Downing Dr Warburton Winchell Ann Marcuson Kevin McMonagle Christopher Phil Cole Benjamin Eumenides Charlie Coopersmith, Ben Galvin, Elliot Horne, Thomas Huttlestone, Joss Littler, Harry Scott 3 Creative Team Director: Jeremy Herrin Associate Director at the Royal Court. Theatre: includes That Face (Duke of York’s & Royal Court), The Vertical Hour (Royal Court), Statement of Regret (NT), Blackbird (Market Theatre, Johannesburg), The Boy on the Swing, Gathered Dust and Dead Skin, The Lovers, Our Kind of Fun, Toast, Sudden Collapses in Public Places, Dirty Nets, Smack Family Robinson, Attachments, From the Underworld, The Last Post, Personal Belongings, Knives in Hens (LiveTheatre, Newcastle upon Tyne), NE1 (LiveTheatre & Theatre Royal, Newcastle). Staff Director at NT: Battle Royal, The Forest, Look Back in Anger, Flight, Volpone, Under Milk Wood. Assistant Director at the Royal Court: My Night with Reg, Babies, Thyestes, The Kitchen. Film: includes The Inventor, Linked, Dead Terry, Warmth, Cold Calling. Radio: includes The Vertical Hour. Designer: Bunny Christie For the Donmar: After Miss Julie. Theatre: includes Women of Troy, Mrs Affleck, Philistines, The Life of Galileo, Elmina’s Kitchen, Dealer’s Choice, A Streetcar Named Desire – 2003 Olivier Award (NT), Dance of Death (Royal Dramatic Theatre, Sweden), The Postman Always Rings Twice (WYP & Playhouse, West End), Peter Pan (Dundee Rep), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, Mill on the Floss, War and Peace (Shared Experience), Baby Doll – Evening Standard Award (Birmingham Rep, NT & Albery), The Vagina Monologues (King’s Head, Old Vic, Ambassadors & Arts), Colour of Justice (Tricycle, NT & UK tour), The Cosmonaut’s Last Message to the Woman He Once Loved in the Soviet Union (Tron, Glasgow), As You Like It – 1999 Olivier Award nomination (Globe). Opera: includes Brief Encounter (Houston Grand Opera). Film: includes Swansong, Twelfth Night. 4 Lighting Designer: Rick Fisher For the Donmar: Betrayal, The Philanthropist, Old Times, Lobby Hero, A Boston Marriage, The Maids, TheThreepenny Opera, Life of Stuff. Theatre: includes Billy Elliot (Victoria Palace, Sydney, Broadway), Landscape with Weapon, Honour, Mother Clap’s Molly House, Lady in the Dark – 1998 Olivier Award, Chips with Everything – 1998 Olivier Award (NT), Jerry Springer – The Opera (NT & Cambridge), Blue/Orange (NT & Duchess), Far Away (Royal Court & New York), A Number (Royal Court), Via Dolorosa (Royal Court & New York), Disney’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Berlin), An Inspector Calls –1994 Tony Award (New York). Opera: includes Betrothal in a Monastery (Glyndebourne & Valencia), Billy Budd, Radamisto, La bohème, Peter Grimes, (Santa Fe), The Fiery Angel, Turandot (Bolshoi), A Midsummer Night’s Dream (La Fenice), Wozzek (ROH), Gloriana, La bohème (Opera North), The Little Prince (Houston, New York & San Francisco), Matthew Bourne’s Swan Lake (London, Los Angeles, Broadway & world tour), Cinderella (London, Los Angeles). Rick is Chairman of the Association of Lighting Designers. Composer and Sound Designer: Nick Powell For the Donmar: Timeless (Traverse & UK tour). Theatre: includes Urtain (National Theatre of Spain/Animalario), Relocated, The Vertical Hour, The Ugly One (Royal Court), Bonheur (Comédie Française), God in Ruins (RSC & Soho), Futurology: A Global Review (Tramway, Glasgow), Marat-Sade (National Theatre of Spain/Animalario), Realism (National Theatre of Scotland), The Wolves in the Wall (National Theatre of Scotland & Improbable), The Wonderful World of Dissocia (Edinburgh Festival & National Theatre of Scotland), The Stars Are Out Tonight (Lyric Hammersmith), San Diego (Vancouver), Hamelin (Animalario), Pyrenees, Mercury Fur, The Drowned World, Splendour, Riddance (Paines Plough), 800M (Tramway, Glasgow), One, Two... (Traverse & UK tour), Playhouse Creatures, Mr Heracles (WYP), Lifegame (Brisbane Festival & NT), Pornographia Barata (Spanish tour), Lament (Scottish tour & Toronto), Tiny Dynamite (Frantic Assembly), Casanova (Tron). Nick has written numerous scores for film and TV, and is one half of the band OSKAR whose LP2 will be released in the new year. 5 THE FAMILY REUNION: background section 2 to the play THE FAMILY REUNION in relation to T. S. Eliot’s life and work Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) was born in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. He received his undergraduate university education at Harvard. He completed post- graduate studies at Harvard in philosophy, as well as at the Sorbonne and Merton College, Oxford. He settled in England in 1915, working as a school teacher and then as a bank clerk to supplement his income as a poet. In 1925 he became literary editor for the publishing house Faber & Faber, later becoming a director of the company. Eliot is described as one of the most daring innovators of twentieth-century poetry. This innovation also extends to his plays which are all written in verse. His work reflects his belief that poetry should aim to represent the complexities of modern civilization in language, and that in turn requires the use of complex poetry.1 In 1927 Eliot became a British citizen and member of the Church of England. His own journey as a Christian is charted in his poetry, particularly The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1943), with both pieces pursuing a quest for regeneration and a better world. This religious philosophy is also evident in two of his most famous plays, Murder in the Cathedral (1935)2 and The Family Reunion (1939). One of the key themes in Eliot’s work is the importance of tradition as a living force; of the past, present and future in constant interaction. This theme is at the heart of the creative choices made by the cast and creative team in the Donmar’s production of THE FAMILY REUNION. Did you know that . THE FAMILY REUNION was published in 1939, the same year as T. S. Eliot’s classical book of verse for children, OLD POSSUM’S BOOK OF PRACTICAL CATS (the book on which Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical CATS is based). 6 The family tree of characters Seven years I kept him, For the sake of the future, a disconnected ghost, In his own house. What of the humiliation, Of the chilly pretences in the silent bedroom, Forcing sons upon an unwilling father? Dare you think what that does to one? Try to think of it. I would have sons, if I could not have a husband: Then I let him go. Amy, Dowager Lady Monchensey, THE FAMILY REUNION, Part II, Scene 2 A curse comes into being As a child is formed. Agatha, THE FAMILY REUNION, Part II, Scene 2 Arthur George Piper, 9th Lord of Monchensey, 1848 – 1882 Henry, 10th Lord of Monchensey – Gerald b.1880 Charles b.1882 Judith marries Marries Amy b.1874 – Cecil Thorton sister to Ivy b.1876, Violet b1879, Agatha b.1881 Mary b.1909 Harry, 11th Lord John b. 1906 Arthur b.1909 of Monchensey b.1904 – Marries Daisy, d.1938 7 Characters associated with the family DOWNING Harry’s servant and chauffeur DENMAN Servant to Amy at Wishwood DR. WARBURTON Doctor to Amy and her family SERGEANT WINCHELL Has been policing the area surrounding Wishwood since 1918, when he was a young constable Characters pursuing Harry THE EUMENIDES Ghosts from Harry’s childhood DAISY Harry’s deceased wife 8 Synopsis of Part I Eliot divides THE FAMILY REUNION into two parts, with each part made up of three scenes. In this introductory section, a précis of Part I is given to offer an insight into the events which lie at the heart of the play. Part I Scene 1 The scene takes place on Amy’s birthday, an afternoon in late March. The family have assembled at Wishwood, Amy’s house in the Cumbria, for a family reunion: Harry, Amy’s eldest son, is returning to his childhood home after an eight year absence. We learn that Harry has been travelling abroad since his marriage to Daisy, a marriage of which the family did not approve. Daisy died a year ago, after she was swept off the deck of the ship they were travelling on in the middle of a storm. When Harry arrives, his behaviour is erratic and disturbed. He relates the story of Daisy’s death, claiming that he pushed her over the side of the ship. His family all refute his claims. Harry’s Uncle Charles, the brother of his deceased father, tells him that he must not ‘indulge such fancies’; Amy tells him that when he sees Wishwood by day in the morning, ‘all will be the same again’. When Harry leaves the room, the chorus of aunts and uncles – Ivy, Violet, Charles and Gerald – concerned, call on Amy to summon Doctor Warburton to see Harry. As Amy leaves the room to make the phone call herself, Charles has the idea of questioning Downing, Harry’s servant, to discretely find out what is wrong with Harry.