GHANA COUNTRY ANALYSIS September 15, 2010 GHANA COUNTRY ANALYSIS September 2010 i GHANA COUNTRY ANALYSIS September 15, 2010 A. Table of Contents Contents A. Table of Contents......................................................................................................................ii B. Acronyms...................................................................................................................................v C. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 1.1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... ........‐ 1 ‐ 1.2. PURPOSE OF THE COUNTRY ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... ‐ 1 ‐ 1.3. COUNTRY ANALYSIS PROCESS ................................................................................................... ‐ 1 ‐ CHAPTER 2: GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS.............................................................................‐ 3 ‐ 2.1. POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE .................................................................................................... ‐ 3 ‐ 2.2. CONFLICT PREVENTION ............................................................................................................. ‐ 7 ‐ 2.3. HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION ...................................................................................................... ‐ 8 ‐ 2.4. NATIONAL RESPONSE AND STRATEGY .................................................................................... ‐ 10 ‐ 2.5. EMERGING PRIORITIES FOR THE UN ....................................................................................... ‐ 12 ‐ CHAPTER 3: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.........................................................................................‐ 15 ‐ 3.1. MACRO‐ECONOMIC SITUATION ............................................................................................. ‐ 15 ‐ 3.2. PERFORMANCE OF THE KEY SECTORS AND SUB‐SECTORS ..................................................... ‐ 16 ‐ 3.3. EMPLOYMENT SITUATION ..................................................................................................... ‐ 18 ‐ 3.4. PRIVATE SECTOR PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................... ‐ 19 ‐ 3.5. INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................... ‐ 20 ‐ 3.6. NATIONAL RESPONSE AND STRATEGY .................................................................................... ‐ 22 ‐ 3.7. EMERGING PRIORITIES FOR THE UN ....................................................................................... ‐ 24 ‐ CHAPTER 4: MDG ACHIEVEMENT...................................................................................................‐ 25 ‐ 4.1. EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER .......................................................................................... ‐ 29 ‐ 4.2. UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION .......................................................................................... ‐ 33 ‐ ii GHANA COUNTRY ANALYSIS September 15, 2010 4.3. GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ........................................................... ‐ 37 ‐ 4.4. UNDER‐FIVE MORTALITY ......................................................................................................... ‐ 43 ‐ 4.5. MATERNAL MORTALITY .......................................................................................................... ‐ 47 ‐ 4.6 HIV/AIDS AND MALARIA ......................................................................................................... ‐ 52 ‐ 4.7. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................................ ‐ 60 ‐ 4.8. PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................... ‐ 68 ‐ CHAPTER 5: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS...........................................................................................‐ 71 ‐ 5.1. MINISTRIES, DEPARTMENTS AND GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES (MDAS) ................................ ‐ 71 ‐ 5.2. TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING INSTITUTIONS ............................................................... ‐ 72 ‐ 5.3. DATA MANAGEMENT CAPACITY ............................................................................................. ‐ 73 ‐ 5.4. EXISTING GAPS ....................................................................................................................... ‐ 73 ‐ 5.5. NATIONAL RESPONSE AND STRATEGIES ................................................................................. ‐ 74 ‐ 5.6. EMERGING PRIORITIES FOR THE UN ....................................................................................... ‐ 76 ‐ CHAPTER 6: EMERGING CHALLENGES, RISKS & POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES...................................‐ 76 ‐ 6.1. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... ‐ 77 ‐ 6.2. GLOBAL FINANCIAL AND FOOD CRISIS .................................................................................... ‐ 78 ‐ 6.3. VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS .............................................................................. ‐ 80 ‐ 6.4. CLIMATE CHANGE....................................................................................................................‐ 80‐ 6.5. NATIONAL RESPONSE AND STRATEGIES..................................................................................‐82‐ 6.6. EMERGING PRIORITIES FOR THE UN ....................................................................................... ‐ 82 ‐ CHAPTER 7: THEMATIC AREAS FOR COMMON RESULTS..................................................................‐ 85 ‐ 7.1. AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION AND FOOD SECURITY (WITH FOCUS ON NUTRITION) 7.2. SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS.....................................‐88‐ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 7.3. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY FOR IMPROVED SOCIAL SERVICES...‐ 90‐ 7.4. TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCE................................................................‐ 92‐ iii GHANA COUNTRY ANALYSIS September 15, 2010 ANNEXES........................................................................................................................................‐ 94 ‐ ANNEX 1: DOCUMENTS REVIEWED .................................................................................................... ‐ 94 ‐ ANNEX 2: INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED ............................................................................................... ‐ 97 ‐ ANNEX 3: INTERVIEW GUIDE ............................................................................................................ ‐ 101 ‐ ANNEX 4: INTERNATIONAL TREATIES SIGNED BY GHANA ................................................................ ‐ 102 ‐ ANNEX 5: BRIEF CASELOAD STATISTICS FOR THE COURTS (2008 ‐09) .............................................. ‐ 104 ‐ ANNEX 6: BASIC LABOUR MARKET INDICATORS, 2006 ..................................................................... ‐ 105 ‐ LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 1 Table 1: State of Human Rights in Ghana ..................................................................................... 8 2 Table 2: Growth Rates for Key Sectors (2005‐09) ....................................................................... 15 3 Table 3: Ghana’s Infrastructure Compared to African Countries ............................................... 20 4 Table 4:Food Security and Vulnerability by Region…………………………………………….....................30 5 Table 5: Net Enrolment Trends by Region (2004‐08) ................................................................. 33 6 Table 6: Trends in HIV Prevalence in Ghana ............................................................................... 52 7 Table 7: Rural‐Urban Portable Water Coverage by Region ........................................................ 61 8 Table 8: Gaps in Key Policies in Government .............................................................................. 72 9 Table 9: Excerpts of Some Key Macroeconomic Indicators ........................................................ 78 10 Table 10: Ghana’s Exposure to Floods and Drought ................................................................... 79 11 Table 11: Impact of Climate Change on Human Security ........................................................... 82 1 Figure 1: Ghana’s Governance Performance (1996 ‐2008)........................................................... 4 2 Figure 2: Comparison of Budget Allocation to Estimates (LRC 2009‐10) .................................... 12 3 Figure3: School Attendance Rates Aged 6‐14 by Poverty Quintile………………………………………….34 4 Figure 4: Individual NHIS membership by Socio‐Economic Group ............................................. 44 5 Figure 5: Assistance in Childbirth by Skilled Health Worker.......................................................48 6 Figure 6: Forest Area and Agriculture Land in Ghana (2000‐07) ................................................ 80 iv GHANA COUNTRY ANALYSIS September 15, 2010 B. Acronyms AAP Affirmative Action Plan ACBF African Capacity Building Foundation AGI Association of Ghana Industries AIDS Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome APRM African Peer Review Mechanism ARI Acute