East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2016 The Agricultural Growth and Malting Production of Barley Grains in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia Mark Evans Patton Mr. East Tennessee State Universtiy Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, and the Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Patton, Mark Evans Mr., "The Agricultural Growth and Malting Production of Barley Grains in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3061. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3061 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Agricultural Growth and Malting Production of Barley Grains in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia _________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Business and Technology East Tennessee State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Technology _________________________ by Mark Evans Patton May 2016 _________________________ Mr. William K. Hemphill, Chair Dr. Mohammad M. Uddin Dr. Craig Turner Keywords: Manufacturing, Malting, Malt House, Malting Barley, Craft Brewing ABSTRACT The Agricultural Growth and Malting Production of Barley Grains in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia by Mark Evans Patton The purpose of this study is to explore the history and production processes of beer and examines the components that contribute to its brewing. The narrative will provide a timeline of the processes that are required to create the product of beer beginning with the agricultural products and following the brewing processes that result in beer as the finished product. I will also examine the business of agriculture and grain processing and will provide some historical perspectives of grain, beer, and malting. I will also consider whether the growing, processing, and malting of grains in the East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia Region is feasible as demonstrated through this research and reported findings. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank everyone who helped me in the performance and execution of this Graduate Thesis Project which will complete my requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Technology. To the professors at ETSU who have guided me through the portal of knowledge – a hearty thank you is in order. To all brewers and farmers who agreed to be interviewed and graciously took the time out of their busy schedules to sit through my interrogations, “Thank you.” A special thanks goes out to my family who has endured my late nights, late wake-up calls, and general coffee-fueled grumpiness throughout. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 11 Background of the Problem ........................................................................................... 11 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................... 12 Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................................... 13 Limitations and Assumptions ........................................................................................ 13 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 14 Historical Perspectives ................................................................................................... 14 Cereal Grains ..................................................................................................... 14 Pre-History ............................................................................................. 14 Agriculture ............................................................................................. 16 Sumerian Culture ................................................................................... 16 Babylonian Culture ................................................................................ 17 Egyptian Culture .................................................................................... 18 European Culture ................................................................................... 19 American Culture ................................................................................... 20 4 Modern Grain Industry .......................................................................... 20 Origins of Beer ................................................................................................... 21 Prehistoric .............................................................................................. 21 Middle Eastern Beer Production ............................................................ 24 Central Europe ....................................................................................... 24 Britain .................................................................................................... 26 The Modern Beer Industry ............................................................................................. 29 Anheuser-Busch Inbev ....................................................................................... 29 SABMiller .......................................................................................................... 30 What Makes Beer . Beer .............................................................................. 31 Ingredients.......................................................................................................... 31 Barley ..................................................................................................... 31 Wheat ..................................................................................................... 32 Water ...................................................................................................... 32 Yeast ...................................................................................................... 34 Hops ....................................................................................................... 35 Adjuncts ................................................................................................. 36 The Processing of Raw Materials ...................................................................... 37 Malting ................................................................................................... 37 U.S. Malting Industry ................................................................ 37 Barley Quality ............................................................................ 37 Malting Basics ........................................................................... 38 5 Malting Technology ............................................................................... 38 Renaissance Technology ............................................................ 38 D’Heureuse Air Treatment ........................................................ 39 Galland-Henning Pneumatic Malting Drums ............................ 39 Compartment based Malting ...................................................... 40 Towering Malting Systems ........................................................ 40 Pre-Malting Treatments ......................................................................... 40 Malt Attributes ....................................................................................... 41 Storing Malt ........................................................................................... 42 Types of Malt ......................................................................................... 43 Grain Milling ......................................................................................... 44 Hops Processing ..................................................................................... 45 Local Processing ........................................................................ 45 Commercial Processing ............................................................. 46 The Agricultural Side of Beer ........................................................................................ 47 Barley Industry................................................................................................... 47 World Industry ....................................................................................... 47 U.S. Industry .........................................................................................