MR. EMERY'S MINT H. E. PAGAN THE following paragraph appeared in The Times on 19 July 1842: We succeeded some short time since in stopping the career of an impudent and unprincipled forger of Greek, Roman and Saxon coins, who, by his ability in imitating the scarce types of these series, deceived some incautious collectors, and robbed them of considerable sums of money. Another adventurer is now supplying the market with counterfeit coins, for which dies have actually been engraved, and the skill of an engraver engaged. Among these may be pointed out as clever forging, and likely to deceive even experienced numismatists, pennies of Stephen, penny of Edward VI, shillings of Philip and Mary, and the rial of Queen Mary,—the last a gold piece of great rarity. A correspondent signing himself 'N', apparently an abbreviation for 'Numismaticus', quoted this paragraph in the next number of the Numismatic Chronicle1 and gave some additional information: . The individual first alluded to, is the notorious forger who succeeded for some time in his impositions on the unwary and inexperienced coin-collector, until a publication of a sketch of the personal features of the hoary impostor, and the notice of his practices disseminated in the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle and other periodical papers, appeared effectually to have stopped his trade. The second adventurer alluded to is well known among numismatists, but we suppress for the moment the mention of his name, out of regard to the feelings of the respectable family to which he belongs. He is, it is said, a person of ample means, and it is difficult to assign a motive for the forgeries which he has been engaged in issuing, the dies for which were prepared at no inconsiderable expense. We are enabled to give a correct list of them, and it will be seen that it does not include the penny of Stephen, as stated incorrectly in the notice from the Times. They are as follows: Penny of Edward VI, with portrait Shillings of ditto, with false stamp of Portcullis and greyhound Jetton of Lady Jane Grey, as queen of England Half-Crown of Philip and Mary Shilling from the same die, with date under the head Gold rial of Queen Mary On the detection of these forgeries, and the discovery of the author of them, all the dies were given up. They are cut through the centre, to prevent their being again made use of. The first of these individuals was a man named or passing under the name of Singleton who in 1839-40 had acquired considerable notoriety by his success in unloading a large stock of forgeries on credulous collectors in various parts of the United Kingdom. There is ample documentation of his activities in contemporary issues of the Numismatic Chronicle,2 and there is an adequate account of him in Forrer's Biographical Dictionary 1 NC 1842-3, pp. 159-60. The Numismatic Chronicle Oct. 1839); ibid., pp. 201-2 (note by 'S' with an was at that time published in quarterly instalments editorial caveat that 'S"s suggestion that Singleton and the note by 'N' appears in the third instalment might be 'connected with a gang in France who are for the year. A shorter note to the same effect printed making bold attempts to inundate Europe with forged in the fourth instalment for the year, ibid., pp. 202-3, coins' was ill founded); ibid., pp. 256-9 (editorial is signed 'Numismaticus' in full, and it is reasonable note based on information received from Plymouth). to suppose that both notes are by the same hand. Singleton seems to have gone to ground for a time 2 NC 1839^0, p. 64 (editorial note); ibid., pp. after 1840 but was soon back in his old trade and was 200-1 (note by J(ohn) L(indsay), dated Cork 14 still hawking false coins to collectors in 1848. 140 MR. EMERY'S MINT of Medallistsf The second individual has attracted less attention and it is time that proper note was taken of his very remarkable contribution to the British numismatic scene. At present the best account of him is one given in the Dictionary of National Biography by Warwick Wroth.2 Wroth was on the staff of the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum for a long period at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the present century and from his experience there he knew well enough what the forgeries listed by 'Numismaticus' were. They were a selection from a larger group of 'notorious imitations of coins' popularly known as 'Emery's forgeries' which had been produced in the fourth decade of the nineteenth century under the direction of a certain Edward Emery. The entry in DNB under EMERY, EDWARD (d. 1850 ?) is not for all that very informative. Wroth was not himself a specialist in the English coinage— his main interest lay in the Greek and Byzantine series—and he did not have any very precise information about Emery's activities. What he did was to paraphrase the passage from the Numismatic Chronicle quoted above and fill it out with scraps of information gleaned from a note in Franks and Grueber's edition of Hawkins's Medallic Illustrations3 and from his examination of examples of Emery's forgeries then preserved in the British Museum. These last included coins described by Wroth as 'groats and half- groats of Mary I (English and Irish)'; these are not among the coins listed by 'N'. The note in Medallic Illustrations is brief but informative. Wroth states that it was based by Franks and Grueber on information given them by the London coin-dealer William Webster; Webster was a man of much experience who passed for being an authority on forgeries.4 The note indicates that Emery was a 'collector and dealer in coins and medals', who 'resided in London, and died at Hastings, about 1850', and was best known for forgeries of English coins, 'the dies for which were made under his direction'. Wroth repeats this information more or less verbatim in his DNB article and adds that 'after 1842 Emery is believed to have left London in debt'; he does not give his authority for this remark but it may be based on information from Webster likewise. The only other account of Edward Emery in print is that in the Biographical Dictionary of Medallists,5 This is unsatisfactory. Forrer knew of the note in Medallic Illustrations 1 L. Forrer, Biographical Dictionary of Medallists, 1 In his Presidential Address to the Numismatic vol. v, pp. 533-5. He reproduces a sketch of Singleton Society of London in 1885 Sir John Evans mentioned with the caption 'made during his Kentish Tour in Webster's death at the age of 64 on 11 June 1885 1840' which is perhaps the sketch referred to by 'N*. and remarked that he had been 'referee of the Mint 2 Dictionary of National Biography, vol. vi, p. 770. in all cases of forgery of the coinage' (Proc. Num. Warwick William Wroth (1858-1911) was employed Soc. 1884-5, pp. 26-7). Webster was the nephew and in the Department of Coins and Medals from 22 professional successor of the Great Russell Street July 1878 until his death on 26 September 1911. He coin dealer William Till (d. 1844), author of An Essay contributed many biographies of numismatists to on the Roman Denarius and English Silver Penny DNB, and it is quite likely that its editors left it to (1837), who could claim to have learnt the trade at him to decide which numismatists deserved inclusion the feet of Richard Miles (1740-1819), the great in it. Wroth happened to be a considerable authority figure among dealers of the generation before (Till, on eighteenth-century London (cf. obituary of Wroth op. cit., pp. 119-20). The tradition was carried on by G. F. Hill, NC 1914, pp. 107-9), and this perhaps by Webster's son William John Webster (1848- explains why the task of writing these biographies 1919) who was long on the staff of Spink's and for fell to him rather than to any of his departmental nearly thirty years the colleague there of Leonard colleagues. Forrer (1869-1953). A short obituary of W. J. 3 E. Hawkins, Medallic Illustrations of the History Webster by S. M. Spink is printed SNC Sept.-Oct. of England and Ireland, ed. Franks and Grueber, 1919, cols. 383-4. 1885, vol. ii, p. 725. 5 Forrer, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 15. 141 MR. EMERY'S MINT but had not read Wroth's article and did not investigate the forgeries in the British Museum; so having quoted the note in Medallic Illustrations all he does is to mention two pieces of a medallic character known to him that were traditionally attributed to Emery, a modern medal of Lady Jane Grey and a medallic coin on the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, with Darnley. It will be observed that the Mary-Darnley coin is again a coin not mentioned by 'N' in 1842. It is not very difficult to improve on the information supplied by Wroth and Forrer. A start can be made by considering a passage in the Numismatic Chronicle which Wroth overlooked. In the volume of the Chronicle for 1848-9 the editor inserted the following passage under the heading 'Forged and Imitation Coins'.1 The exclamation marks distributed through it appear in the original. In the window of a shop, in a Court leading out of one of our chief thoroughfares, a number of counterfeits and imitations of ancient Coins are exhibited for sale; among them are the following: Testoon of Mary, Queen of Scots Half Testoon of ditto, countermarked on the obverse Dollar of Mary and Darnley, their portraits vis-a-vis (!) Testoon of ditto ditto Coronation Medal of Henry VIII Ditto of Edward VI Medal of Gregory XIII on the Massacre of St.