Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1985 Epidemiology and Economic Implications of Anaplasmosis in Louisiana (Prevalence, Incidence). Randall Scott orM ley Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Morley, Randall Scott, "Epidemiology and Economic Implications of Anaplasmosis in Louisiana (Prevalence, Incidence)." (1985). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4102. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4102 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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University Mterdfilms International 300 N.Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 4B106 8526382 Morley, Randall Scott EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ANAPLASMOSIS II LOUISIANA The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col.Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Mt 48106 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ANAPLASMOSIS IN LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program of Veterinary Medical Sciences by Randall Scott Morley D.V.M., University of Guelph, 1974 M.P.V.M., University of California, 1982 August 1985 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Dr. Martin Hugh-Jones for being my faculty advi­ sor and obtaining for me the graduate assistantship with the Louisiana State University. Special thanks are expressed to Jennifer Broussard for performing the serological tests, Dr. Lewis Hart for assistance with the experimental calves, Michael Kearney for providing computer and statistical support, Lois Stagg for typing this dissertation and laboratory assistance, and Dionne Williams for computer data entry. I am very grateful for the assistance which was kindly offered by many others, including; Blaine Elbourne, Margaret Erwin, Jackie Roberts, Jim Roberts, Karen Sheppard of the Department of Epidemiology and Community Health; Dr. S. Nicholson and the County Agents of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service; Barbara Brown of the W.E. Anderson State Diagnostic Laboratory; Dr. Ota Barta, Dr. Richard Corstvet, Susan Pourciau and Rob Poston of the Department of Veteri­ nary Microbiology and Parasitology; Dr. Edgar Roberts, Department of Veterinary Pathology. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ............................ • .................... iv List of Figures ................................................. vii Abstract ................................................ viii Introduction.... .............................................. x Chapter I Review: Epidemiology of Bovine Anaplasmosis .... 1 Chapter II Incidence of Clinical Anaplasmosis in the Red . 91 River Plains and Southeast Areas of Louisiana Chapter III Prevalence of Anaplasmosis In the Red River .... Ill Plains and Southeast Areas of Louisiana Chapter IV Economics of Anaplasmosis in the Red River .... 129 Plains and Southeast Areas of Louisiana Chapter V Epidemiology of Anaplasmosis In the Red River . 153 Plains and Southeast Areas of Louisiana Chapter VI Seroepidemiology of Anaplasmosis in White- .... 176 Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Louisiana Chapter VII The Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for . .190 Anaplasmosis Chapter VIII Conclusions ........................................ 199 R e f e r e n c e s ..................................................... 200 V i t a ........................................................... 228 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Experimental transmission of anaplasmosis from clinical cases and carriers to susceptible animals with Insects ................ 67 ****** Table 1-2 Experimental transmission of anaplasmosis from infected to susceptible animals with tick stages ...................................... 70 Table 1-3 Experimental transmission of anaplasmosis from clinical cases and carriers to susceptible animals with ticks ................. 72 Table 1-4 Experimental transmission of anaplasmosis from clinical cases and carriers to susceptible animals by instruments .............. 76 Table 1-5 Experimental infection of wild ruminants........... 78 Table II-l Results of the 1983 and 1984 dairy producer postal surveys for clinical cases of a n a p l a s m o s i s ........................... 100 Table II-2 Results of the 1983 beef cow-calf producer postal surveys for clinical cases of anaplasmosis ........................... 101 Table II-3 Distribution of 256 clinical cases of anaplasmosis as to breed or description ........ 103 Table II-4 Distribution of 256 clinical cases of anaplasmosis as to a g e ........................... 104 Table II-5 Distribution of 256 clinical cases of anaplasmosis as to month of occurrence ........... 105 Table II-6 Distribution of 256 clinical cases of anaplasmosis as to parish location .............. 106 Table III-l Results of the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test for Anaplasma antibodies according to parish location .................... 120 Table III-2 Results of the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test for Anaplasma antibodies according to breed grouping ................. 121 iv Table III-3 Results of the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for Anaplasma antibodies according to age grouping .......................122 Table III-4 Results of the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test for Anaplasma antibodies according to herd size grouping ................. 123 Table III-5 Results of the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test for Anaplasma antibodies according to month of blood collection ...... 124 Table IV-1 Anaplasmosis epidemiological rates in beef cows, beef bulls and dairy cows of the Red River Plains and Southeast areas of L o u i s i a n a ..................................... 131 Table IV-2 Outcome of 256 clinical cases of anaplasmosis reported by producers and veterinary practitioners in the Red River Plains and Southeast areas of Louisiana, 1983 .............. 132 Table IV-3 Value of animal commodities based on 1983 market prices . ........................... 133 Table IV-4 Value of commodities used in anaplasmosis prevention and vector control measures in 1983 . 134 Table IV-5 Summary of parameters of losses and costs associated with the clinical infection, treatment and prevention of anaplasmosis ..... 146 Table IV-6 1983 estimated losses and costs due to anaplasmosis in the beef cow and bull population of the survey, study areas and S t a t e ....................................... 147 Table IV-7 1983 estimated losses and costs due to anaplasmosis in the dairy cow population of the survey, study areas and S t a t e ............. 149 Table V-l Information collected in the 1983 beef cow- calf disease and herd management study .......... 156 Table V-2 Parish location of 320 herds of the 1983 beef cow-calf disease and herd management survey . .161 Table V-3 Cow herd size grouping of 320 herds of the 1983 beef cow-calf disease and herd management survey .................... ,....162 v Table V-4 Disease conditions reported in 320 herds of the 1983 beef cow-calf disease and herd management survey ................ 163 Table V-5 Variables of the 1983 beef cow-calf disease and herd management survey which gave significant