What is psychotherapy in psychology pdf Continue Clinically Applied Psychology for The Desired Behavior Change This article is about discipline. For the journal, see Psychotherapy (journal). Part of the series onPsychology Outline History Subfields Basic Types abnormal Behavioral Genetics Biological Cognitive / Cognitive Comparative Intercultural Cultural Differential Evolutionary Evolutionary Evolutionary Mathematical Neuropsychology Personality Positive Quantitative Applied Applied Behavioral Analysis Clinical Community Consumer Community Consumer Counseling Critical Environmental Medical Industrial and Organizational Legal Military Music Professional Health Political Religion School Sports Traffic Lists Discipline Organization Psychotherapy Psychology Research Methods Theory Theory Timeline Topics Psychology portalvte PsychotherapyMeSHD011613 edited on Wikidata Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy or speaking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, especially based on regular personal interaction with adults, to help people change their behavior and overcome problems in the desired ways. Psychotherapy aims to improve a person's well-being and mental health to address or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, coercion, thoughts or emotions, as well as improve relationships and social skills. There is also a range of psychotherapy designed for children and adolescents that are usually associated with the game, such as a sandbox. Some psychotherapy is considered evidence-based to treat some diagnosed mental disorders. Others have been criticized as pseudoscience. There are over a thousand different psychotherapy methods, some of them minor variations, while others are based on very different concepts of psychology, ethics (how to behave professionally), or methods. Most are related to one-to-one sessions between the client and the therapist, but some are held with groups, including families. Psychotherapists can be mental health professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health nurses, clinical social workers, marriage and family therapists or professional counsellors. Psychotherapists can also come from different other walks of life, and depending on the jurisdiction may be legally regulated, voluntarily regulated or unregulated (and the term itself may or may not be protected). Definitions of the term psychotherapy comes from the ancient Greek psyche (ψυχή means breathing; spirit; soul) and therapeia (θεραπεία healing; medical care). The Oxford English Dictionary now defines it as the treatment of mental disorders or personality psychological methods ... however, in earlier use it denoted the treatment of the disease with the help of hypnotic The American Psychological Association adopted a resolution on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in 2012, based on the definition of John C. Norcross: Psychotherapy is an informed and deliberate application of clinical methods and interpersonal positions arising from established psychological principles to help people change their behavior, cognition, emotions, and/or other personal characteristics in directions that participants consider desirable. Influential publications of the psychiatrist Jerome Frank have defined psychotherapy as a healing relationship, using socially sanctioned methods in a series of contacts, mostly related to words, actions and rituals, which are seen as forms of persuasion and rhetoric. Some definitions of counseling overlap with psychotherapy (especially in non-client-oriented approaches), or counseling may refer to recommendations on everyday problems in specific areas, usually for shorter periods with a less medical or professional focus. Somatotherapy refers to the use of physical changes as injuries and diseases, and sociotherapy refers to the use of a person's social environment to effect therapeutic changes. Psychotherapy may view spirituality as a significant part of someone's mental/psychological life, and some forms are derived from spiritual philosophy, but practices based on the attitude to the spiritual as a separate dimension are not necessarily considered as traditional or legitimate forms of psychotherapy. Historically, psychotherapy has sometimes meant interpretive (i.e. Freudian) methods, namely psychoanalysis, unlike other treatments for mental disorders, such as behavioural change. Psychotherapy is often referred to as talking therapy, especially for the general audience, although not all forms of psychotherapy rely on verbal communication. Children or adults who do not engage in verbal communication (or not in the usual way) are not excluded from psychotherapy; indeed some types are designed for such cases. Delivery of Psychotherapy can be delivered in person (one-on-one, or with couples, or in groups), by phone, through telephone consultation, or over the Internet. The Victorian government's health agency has not awarded a single mental health application with scores greater than 3 stars out of five for efficiency. One reason for this is that online cognitive behavioral therapy programs have a poor commitment compared to about face-to-face programs. This means that many users do not stick to the program as prescribed. For example, they can delete the app or skip the days. Location See also: Psychologist - Licensing and adjustments, Counseling psychology - Ethics and Regulation counseling, Psychiatrist - Professional requirements, Medical workers requirements, Social work - qualification, and Mental Health - Professional Differences Psychotherapists traditionally can be: mental health professionals such as psychologists and psychiatrists; Psychiatrists; from other sectors of society (family therapists, social workers, nurses, etc.) who have been trained in specific psychotherapy; or (in some cases) academic or scientifically trained professionals. Psychiatrists are trained primarily as doctors and, as such, they may prescribe prescription drugs; and specialized psychiatric training begins after medical school in psychiatric residences: however, their specialty is associated with mental disorders or forms of mental illness. Clinical psychologists have special doctorates in psychology with some clinical and research components. Other clinical practitioners, social workers, mental health counselors, pastoral counselors and mental health nurses also often perform psychotherapy. Many of the wide range of psychotherapeutic training programs and institutional settings are multi-professional. In most countries, psychotherapy training is all at the graduate level, often at the master's level (or doctoral) for 4 years, with significant oversight of practices and clinical places. Such specialists working in specialized psychotherapeutic work also need a continuing vocational education programme after basic training. In 2013, he was included in the list of extensive professional competences of the European psychotherapist, developed by the European Association of Psychotherapy (EAP). Since sensitive and deeply personal topics are often discussed during psychotherapy, therapists are expected and generally legally obligated to respect the confidentiality of the client or patient. Critical client confidentiality and the limited circumstances in which it may be violated to protect clients or others are enshrined in the codes of ethical practice of regulatory psychotherapeutic organizations. Examples where privacy is usually violated include when a therapist knows that a child or elder is under physical abuse; when there is a direct, clear and imminent threat of serious physical harm to one or a particular person. To look at 2015 in Europe there are still many variations between different European countries regarding the regulation and delivery of psychotherapy. Some countries have no regulation of this practice or do not have title protection. Some have a voluntary registration system with independent professional organizations, while others are trying to limit the practice of psychotherapy by mental health professionals (psychologists and psychiatrists) with state-certified training. Names that are protected also vary. the Association of Psychotherapy (EAP) established the Strasbourg Declaration on Psychotherapy in 1990, which is dedicated to the establishment of an independent profession of psychotherapy in Europe to the pan-European standards. EAP is already European Union and The European Commission for this purpose. Given that the European Union has a basic policy on the free movement of labour in Europe, European law can repeal national rules, which are, in fact, forms of restrictive practices. In Germany, the practice of psychotherapy for adults is limited to qualified psychologists and doctors (including psychiatrists) who have undergone several years of special practical training and certification in the field of psychotherapy. Because psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy meet the requirements of German insurance companies, mental health professionals regularly choose one of these three postgraduate majors. For psychologists, this includes three years of full-time practical training (4,200 hours), a year-long internship at an accredited psychiatric facility, six months of clinical work in an outpatient facility, 600 hours of supervised psychotherapy in outpatient settings and at least 600 hours of theoretical seminars. Social workers can receive special training for child and adolescent clients. Similarly, in Italy, the practice of psychotherapy is limited to graduates in psychology