Polish Botanical Journal 54(1): 55–97, 2009 CONTRIBUTION TO BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF EUROPEAN PRIMEVAL FORESTS: NEW RECORDS OF RARE FUNGI IN THE BIAŁOWIEŻA FOREST DARIUSZ KARASIŃSKI, ANNA KUJAWA, MARCIN PIĄTEK, ANNA RONIKIER & MAREK WOŁKOWYCKI Abstract. The paper gives an annotated list of 40 species of macrofungi found in the Białowieża Forest recently. Two genera (Mycoaciella J. Erikss. & Ryvarden and Sphaerobasidium Oberw.) and nine species (Alnicola amarescens (Quél.) R. Heim & Romagn., Ceriporiopsis rivulosa (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Henningsomyces puber (Romell ex W. B. Cooke) D. A. Reid, Mycena silvae-nigrae Maas Geest. & Schwöbel, Mycoaciella bispora (Stalpers) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Psathyrella maculata (C. S. Parker) A. H. Sm., Sphaerobasidium minutum (J. Erikss.) Oberw. ex Jülich, Steccherinum tenuispinum Spirin, Zmitr. & Malysheva, and Xenasma pruinosum (Pat.) Donk) are reported for the fi rst time from Poland. A further 23 species are new for the Białowieża Forest: Antrodia mellita Niemelä & Penttilä, Antrodiella citrinella Niemelä & Ryvarden, Asterodon fer- ruginosus Pat., Athelia decipiens (Höhn. & Litsch.) J. Erikss., Byssocorticium atrovirens (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer ex Singer, Conferticium ochraceum (Fr.) Hallenb., Coniophora olivacea (Fr.) P. Karst., Crepidotus crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc., C. lundellii Pilát, Dacryomyces tortus (Willd.) Fr., Exidia villosa Neuhoff, Hyphodontia pruni (Lasch) Svrček, Kavinia alboviridis (Morgan) Gilb. & Budington, Lentinus suavissimus Fr., Mycoacia uda (Fr.) Donk, Peniophora limitata (Chaillet ex Fr.) Cooke, Pezicula acericola (Peck) Peck ex Sacc. & Berl., Piloderma byssinum (P. Karst.) Jülich, Pseudomerulius aureus (Fr.) Jülich, Rectipilus fasciculatus (Pers.) Agerer, Sebacina incrustans (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul., Sistotrema raduloides (P. Karst.) Donk and Trechispora hymenocystis (Berk. & Broome) K. H. Larss. The species new for Poland are described and their micromorphological characters are illustrated. Key words: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Białowieża Forest, diversity, distribution, Poland Dariusz Karasiński, Marcin Piątek & Anna Ronikier, Department of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Anna Kujawa, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Field Station in Turew, Turew, Szkolna 4, PL-64-000 Kościan, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Marek Wołkowycki, Sacharewo Osada 1, PL-17-200 Hajnówka, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The Białowieża Forest, comprising the remaining the UNESCO World Natural Heritage list (Okołów patches of the virgin lowland forest that once cov- 2002). The whole area on the Belarusan side is ered immense areas of the Central European Plain, strictly or partially protected, and on the Polish is the largest lowland deciduous forest complex side about 35% of the area is under protection as in Europe and one of the best-preserved primeval reserves or a national park (Antczak 2006). Within forests on the continent (Bobiec 2002). It covers the legally protected parts, the Białowieża National 1520 km2, of which 646 km2 lies within the ter- Park covers 105 km2, of which 57 km2 (9% of the ritory of Poland and 874 km2 belong to Belarus Polish part of the Białowieża Forest) is a strict (Faliński 2002). Since 1921 the most valuable reserve (Faliński 1995; Antczak 2006). habitats of the Białowieża Forest on the Polish The area is infl uenced by continental climate, side have been protected as a nature reserve, and producing low average annual temperature (6°C), since 1932 as one of the fi rst national parks in cold winters (average January temperature –4°C) Europe. In 1979 the Białowieża Forest was put on and low average annual precipitation (635 mm) 56 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 54(1). 2009 (Bobiec 2002). All the major forest associations Białowieża Forest (mostly outside the National occurring in this part of Europe can be found in Park) in recent years, supplemented by the results the Białowieża Forest, of which oak-linden-horn- of re-examination of some interesting collections beam forest with old multilayered treestand (Tilio- made by Stanisław Domański (KRAM F-SD). Par- Carpinetum) is the most typical plant community, ticular emphasis is placed on the aphyllophoroid covering about 50% of the National Park (Faliński fungi, one of the groups least investigated in the 1995). The Białowieża Forest differs from Western Białowieża Forest. European forests in the absence of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and from Eastern European forests MATERIAL AND METHODS by the abundance of oak (Quercus robur L.). The Białowieża Forest harbors many boreal and The material was collected during several fi eld trips continental plant species, some of which are from 1998 to 2009 in various regions of the Białowieża very common, such as Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Forest (Fig. 1), and some interesting collections of which occurs in almost every forest community S. Domański deposited in KRAM were re-examined. (Faliński 1995). In total, 67 collections have been studied. The collected specimens were described and photographed in the fi eld. Although the fi rst mycological exploration of th The material was studied according to standard methods the Białowieża Forest dates back to the 19 century used in the taxonomy of fungi. Spores and other ele- (Błoński et al. 1888; Błoński & Drymmer 1889) ments of dried carpophores were examined and meas- and many results of various kinds of mycological ured in water, 5% KOH, 25% NH4OH, Cotton Blue studies have been published over the last 120 years or Melzer’s reagent, using Optek Bino, Nikon Eclipse (e.g., Pilát 1950; Truszkowska 1953, 1959; Nespiak 400 and Nikon Eclipse 600 microscopes. Spore size 1959; Orłoś 1960; Skirgiełło 1960, 1998; Domański is given without the apiculus and ornamentation. The 1965a, 1967, 1968; Pachlewski & Pachlewska 1965; descriptions of macro- and microcharacters provided Majewski 1971), the area has not yet been exhaus- below are based exclusively on the collected material. Drawings of microcharacters were made with the use tively investigated. Undoubtedly the most important of a drawing tube (Nikon Y-IDT) or from microphoto- mycological studies in the area were undertaken graphs taken with a Nikon Coolpix 4500 Digital Camera in one forest section (area 140 ha) of the strict na- (resolution 4.13 million pixels; 2560 × 1520 pixels). ture reserve (part of the Białowieża National Park) All measurements were done directly through the mi- in 1987–1991 under project CRYPTO (Faliński croscope under an oil immersion objective, not from & Mułenko 1992). These studies yielded a list of drawings. Specimens are deposited in KRAM or our 1380 species, 62% of which (861 taxa) are macro- private collections. mycetes, represented predominantly (416 taxa) by agaricoid fungi (Bujakiewicz 1995, 2003). Almost RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 200 species of cup fungi and only 100 species of aphyllophoroid fungi have been reported from the The 40 most interesting species we found during area (Chmiel 1995; Skirgiełło 1995). About 1500 the last 12 years are listed below. Among them species of macrofungi have been reported from two genera (Mycoaciella J. Erikss. & Ryvarden the Białowieża Forest (Bujakiewicz 2002a). Most and Sphaerobasidium Oberw.) and nine species records of them are exclusively from the relatively (Alnicola amarescens (Quél.) R. Heim & Ro- small area of the Białowieża National Park (Ku- magn., Ceriporiopsis rivulosa (Berk. & M. A. jawa, in press). The number of species continues Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Henningsomyces puber to increase as new data are gathered, mainly in (Romell ex W. B. Cooke) D. A. Reid, Mycena various sites and nature reserves located outside silvae-nigrae Maas Geest. & Schwöbel, Mycoaci- the National Park (e.g., Bujakiewicz 2002a, b, 2003; ella bispora (Stalpers) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Bujakiewicz & Nita 2004). Psathyrella maculata (C. S. Parker) A. H. Sm., This paper presents the most interesting re- Sphaerobasidium minutum (J. Erikss.) Oberw. ex sults of our mycological investigations in the Jülich, Steccherinum tenuispinum Spirin, Zmitr. D. KARASIŃSKI ET AL.: NEW RECORDS OF RARE FUNGI IN THE BIAŁOWIEŻA FOREST 57 Narewka Narew Narew 742 Eliaszuki 748 746 755 753 Siemianówka NAREW 751 Makówka 1 760 758 4 766 Lewkowo 764 6 8 771 769 Podrzeczka 767 14 16 18 775 Belarus Krzywiec 23 25 27 781 Olchówko 777 779 Łosinka 37 39 41 Mikłaszewo 55 48 50 52 Borysówka Narewka Skupowo 59 61 63 65 69 Masiewo 74 76 82 84 96 98 100 106 108 110 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 Nowosady 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 Nowy Kornin 179 181 183 185 187 189 193 195 197 Czyżyki 210 212 214 216 218 220 224 226 228 Dubiny Hwoźna Leśna Prawa 243 245 247 249 251 254 256 260 Narewka 273 275 277 279 281 285 287 289 Lutownia 320 303 305 307 311 313 316 HAJNÓWKA Orłówka 339 330 332 334 Budy 341 343 345 368 375 Górna 356 358 360 362 364 Teremiski 369 371 Pogorzelce 388 390 392 394 396 403 421 423 425 BIAŁOWIEŻA 428 411 413 417 419 435 441 445 451 476 462 464 466 468 470 474 486 490 492 494 496 498 Orzeszkowo 484 Łazica 513 517 519 521 523 525 527 535 537 539 542 544 546 548 550 566 568 570 574 576 578 580 582 54o 595 597 599 601 Leśna Prawa603 605 607 609 627 629 631 633 635 637 639 641 Orla o 661 663 665 667 671 673 52 695 697 699 728 o 50 Policzna Belarus 0 123 4 5 km 16o 20o 24o Fig. 1. Study area: pale grey – Białowieża Forest, dark grey – Białowieża National Park, black circles – visited localities. Numbers on map refer to forest section numbers. 58 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 54(1). 2009 & Malysheva, and Xenasma pruinosum (Pat.) 2005, leg. D. Karasiński, A. Kujawa & M. Snowarski Donk) were not previously reported from Poland. (KRAM F-47399, herb. M. Snowarski 050913.17). Another 23 species are new for the Białowieża Pezicula acericola belongs to the group of Forest.