ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY OF BOTETOURT COUNTY, VIRGINIA Prepared by: Hill Studio, P.C. 120 West Campbell Avenue Roanoke, VA 24011 540-342-5263 December 31, 2008 Prepared for: Virginia Department of Historic Resources Botetourt County, VA 2801 Kensington Avenue 1 West Main Street Richmond, VA 23221 Fincastle, VA 24090 Architectural Survey of Botetourt County Table of Contents Hill Studio, P.C. Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables.............................................................................................................. iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 5 Project Background ......................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6 Project Description.................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8 Previous Architectural Investigations ....................................................................................... 8 Research Methodology Prior to Field Study ............................................................................. 9 On-Site Survey Methodology ................................................................................................... 9 Historic Contexts .......................................................................................................................... 10 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 10 Contact Period (1607-1750) .................................................................................................... 11 Colony to Nation (1751-1789) ................................................................................................ 12 Early National Period (1790-1829) ......................................................................................... 18 Antebellum Period (1830-1860) ............................................................................................. 25 Civil War (1861-1865) ............................................................................................................ 37 Reconstruction and Growth (1866-1916) ............................................................................... 39 World War I to World War II (1917-1945) ............................................................................ 51 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 60 Survey Findings and Evaluation ................................................................................................... 61 Previously Identified Resources ............................................................................................. 61 Survey Findings ...................................................................................................................... 61 Evaluation ............................................................................................................................... 65 Significance............................................................................................................................. 66 Properties Listed on the National Register ............................................................................. 69 Properties Evaluated by VDHR National Register Evaluation Team and Determined Eligible for National Register Listing .................................................................................................. 70 Properties Potentially Eligible for National Register Listing ................................................. 70 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 71 National Register Listing ........................................................................................................ 71 Further Survey Work .............................................................................................................. 71 Archaeological Survey ............................................................................................................ 72 Historic American Building Survey (HABS) / Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) ................................................................................................................................... 72 Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) .................................................................. 72 Public Policy ................................................................................................................................. 72 Public Stewardship of Historic Resources .............................................................................. 73 Land Use Issues ...................................................................................................................... 73 Historic Preservation Plan or Element .................................................................................... 73 Geographic Information System (GIS) ................................................................................... 73 Archaeological Data Base ....................................................................................................... 73 Financial Incentives for Historic Preservation ........................................................................ 74 Regulatory Measures: Land Use and Zoning ......................................................................... 74 Architectural Survey of Botetourt County Table of Contents Hill Studio, P.C. Page ii Private Initiatives .......................................................................................................................... 76 Landmark Designation ............................................................................................................ 76 State and Federal Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits ........................................................... 76 Historic Easements.................................................................................................................. 76 Conservation Easements ......................................................................................................... 76 Preservation Action: Public and Private ................................................................................. 77 Education ................................................................................................................................ 77 Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 78 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 79 Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 82 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................. 82 Appendix B ............................................................................................................................. 91 Architectural Survey of Botetourt County List of Figures Hill Studio, P.C. Page iii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: 2008 Map of Botetourt County ....................................................................................... 7 Figure 2: 1770 map of Botetourt County boundary. ..................................................................... 10 Figure 3: Vest House (011-0077). ................................................................................................ 17 Figure 4: Bryan McDonald Jr. House (011-0021) ........................................................................ 17 Figure 5: Booze Farmstead (011-5171) ........................................................................................ 18 Figure 6: Rustic Lodge (011-0053)............................................................................................... 19 Figure 7: Old Tollhouse (011-5188) ............................................................................................. 20 Figure 8: Domestic Outbuilding of Old Tollhouse (011-5188) .................................................... 20 Figure 9: Meadowview Inn (011-5294) ........................................................................................ 22 Figure 10: Booze House (011-5171)............................................................................................. 24 Figure 11: Log House (011-5323) ................................................................................................ 24 Figure 12: Botetourt County Courthouse (218-0005) ................................................................... 26 Figure 13: Botetourt County in the 1895 U.S. Atlas....................................................................