The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery Standing Orders Volume I History, Organization & Heritage RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AMENDMENT DATE COMMENTS LIST ACTIONED TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 101. GENERAL CHAPTER 2 – HISTORY 201. GENERAL 202. FRENCH COLONIAL ERA ARTILLERY 1534-1763 203. BRITISH COLONIAL ARTILLERY 1745-1854 204. CONFEDERATION ERA ARTILLERY 1855-1871 205. FORMATION OF THE PERMANENT FORCE 1871-1893 206. FORMATION OF THE NORTH WEST MOUNTED POLICE 1873 207. THE FATHER OF CANADIAN ARTILLERY 208. THE NORTH WEST REBELLION 1885 209. THE YUKON FIELD FORCE 1898 – 1899 210. THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR 1899-1902 211. TURN OF THE CENTURY AND THE PRE-WAR YEARS 212. THE FIRST WORLD WAR 1914-1918 213. THE INTER-WAR PERIOD 1919 – 1938 214. THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-1945 215. POST-WAR VIGILANCE 1945-1948 216. THE COLD WAR 1948-1992 217. THE KOREAN WAR 1950-1953 218. SERVICE WITH THE NATO BRIGADE 1951-1992 219. ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT 1945-1968 220. THE POST-WAR SCHOOLS 221. ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT 1968-1992 222. THE FIRST GULF WAR 1990-1991 223. 125th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF A & B BATTERIES 224. THE WAR IN AFGHANISTAN 2002-2014 225. OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR 226. ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT 1992-2020 227. THE REGIMENTAL BANDS 228. CONCLUSION 229. SOURCE MATERIAL CHAPTER 3 – ORGANIZATION 301. GENERAL 302. LINEAGE 303. CONSTITUENT REGIMENTS AND INDEPENDENT BATTERIES 304. THE ROYAL REGIMENT OF CANADIAN ARTILLERY SCHOOL AND OTHER TRAINING ESTABLISHMENTS APPOINTMENTS 305. THE EXTRA-REGIMENTALLY EMPLOYED 306. BANDS 307. THE HOME STATION 308. MESSES 309. MUSEUMS 310. ASSOCIATIONS 311. AFFILIATED CADET CORPS 312. HISTORICAL RE-ENACTORS TOC - 1/4 313. HONORARY COLONELS AND LIEUTENANT-COLONELS 314. “FRIENDS OF THE REGIMENT” 315. NON-PUBLIC PROPERTY AND FUNDS 316. FOUNDATIONS AND SOCIETIES 317. THE RCA FAMILY STRATEGY 318. SENIOR RCA APPOINTMENTS 319. REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS 320. GOVERNANCE ANNEXES A Current Orders of Battle B Historic Orders of Battle C Unit Formation Dates D Battery Formation Dates E Protocol for Communication with the Captain General F Senior RCA Appointment Holders G RCA Family Strategy CHAPTER 4 – DISTINCTIONS 401. GENERAL 402. TITLES 403. GUNS AND OTHER EQUIPMENTS AS COLOURS 404. BADGES, MOTTOES AND HONORARY DISTINCTIONS 405. PRECEDENCE 406. ALLIANCES, AFFILIATIONS AND PARTNERSHIPS 407. WAR OF 1812 HONOURS AND COMMEMORATIVE BANNERS 408. REGIMENTAL AND DISTINGUISHING COLOURS 409. RCA STANDARD 410. CAMP FLAGS 411. PENNANTS 412. PENNONS & PARADE MARKERS ANNEXES A Royal Cypher B RCA Badge Ensigned with the Arms of Canada C RCA Badge Ensigned with the Royal Crown (“Gun Badge”) D RCHA Badge (Cypher Badge”) E Grenade Badge F War of 1812 Commemorative Banner G RCA Standard H RCHA & RCA Camp Flags J Precedence of RCA Badges and Flags K Pennants L Pennons and Parade Markers M Pantene Colours CHAPTER 5 – DRESS 501. GENERAL 502. COMMAND CONTROL AND STAFF DUTIES 503. POLICY AND APPEARANCE 504. COLOURS 505. INSIGNIA 506. JACKETS, TUNIC, FROCK COAT, WAISTCOAT AND CUMMERBUND 507. NETHERWEAR TOC - 2/4 508. FOOTWEAR 509. HEADDRESS 510. ACCOUTREMENTS 511. ACCESSORIES & OPTIONAL ITEMS 512. ORDERS DECORATIONS, MEDALS AND OTHER HONOURS 513. BAND DRESS 514. ORDERS OF DRESS DETAIL 515. REGIMENTAL PHYSICAL TRAINING DRESS 516. REGIMENTAL AND AFFILIATED TIES 517. REGIMENTAL BLAZER ANNEXES A Categories & Orders of Dress, Composition and Occasions for Wear B Illustrations of Selected Items of Dress CHAPTER 6 – DRILL 601. GENERAL 602. RIGHT OF THE LINE 603. PARADE HANDED OVER “AT EASE” 604. DUTIES AT THE DOUBLE 605. BAYONETS 606. SWORDS 607. GUN SALUTES 608. REMEMBRANCE DAY CEREMONIES 609. CHANGE OF COMMAND PARADES 610. CHANGE OF RSM / BSM APPOINTMENTS 611. AIDES-DE-CAMP AND PERSONAL ASSISTANTS ANNEXES A Sword Drill B Honours Accorded Dignitaries C Artillery Salutes (Kneeling Gun Drill) D Format for a Unit Change of Command Parade E ADC Aide Memoire CHAPTER 7 – MUSIC 701. GENERAL 702. REGIMENTAL MARCHES 703. THE ROYAL ARTILLERY SLOW MARCH 704. THE BRITISH GRENADIERS 705. KEEL ROW 706. BONNIE DUNDEE 707. OTHER REGIMENTAL MUSIC 708. COMMANDING OFFICER'S TRUMPETER 709. REGIMENTAL CALLS 710. BANDS ANNEXES A Regimental Marches B Voice of the Guns C Post Horn Gallop D Screw Guns E Bonhomme! Bonhomme! F Regimental Calls TOC - 3/4 G St. Barbara's Day CHAPTER 8 – MESS DINNERS 801. GENERAL 802. CATEGORIES 803. PRESIDING OFFICER 804. PREPARATION 805. EXECUTION 806. DEPORTMENT ANNEXES A Sample Invitation B Sample Menu Card C Sample Place Card D Miniature 32-pounder Gun Drill Appendix 1 to Annex D - Stores Layout E Laying of the 2 RCHA Korea Gun F Order of Marches CHAPTER 9 – OTHER DISTINCTIONS AND CUSTOMS 901. GENERAL 902. WEAPON OF THE ARTILLERY 903. RANK AND QUALIFICATION TITLES AND FORMS OF ADDRESS 904. VOCABULARY 905. GUNNERY STAFF 906. ARTILLERY DAY 907. ST. BARBARA 908. RCA COMMEMORATION 909. WEDDING CEREMONIES 910. MILITARY FUNERALS AND MEMORIAL SERVICES 911. HISTORIC HOCKEY ANNEX A Suggested Narrative for Last Round Fired at a Funeral or Memorial Service CHAPTER 10 – MEMORIALS, HISTORIC SITES & NOTABLE HERITAGE ITEMS 1001. GENERAL 1002. PRINCIPAL MEMORIALS 1003. PRINCIPAL HISTORIC SITES 1004. NOTABLE HERITAGE ITEMS ANNEX A Artillery Memorials TOC - 4/4 CHAPTER 2 - HISTORY 201. GENERAL 1. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the story of Canada’s Gunners, with emphasis on The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery. It is in no way intended as a replacement for reading the volumes of the official Regimental history, “The Gunners of Canada” by Colonel G.W.L. Nicholson. 2. The study of military history and of the story of The Royal Regiment is a professional development activity expected of all Gunners. Learning lessons from history is much less costly than re-learning them on the battlefield. 202. FRENCH COLONIAL ERA ARTILLERY 1534-1763 1. The first recorded use of artillery in Canada occurred in 1534, when Jacques Cartier had two guns on his ship fired to deter First Nations warriors approaching in canoes. On his third visit in 1541, Cartier brought three guns ashore to protect the log fort at Charlesbourg-Royal, a pattern copied by colonists for the next 200 years. 2. Intermittent conflict between the French colonists and First Nations, chiefly the Iroquois Confederacy, around issues of control of the fur trade, denoted much of the century from the foundation of Quebec in 1608 until the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701. The French Crown stationed no regular soldiers in Canada until 1665. The settlers had to see to their own defences. As early as 1636, there is record of “The Company of One Hundred Associates” taking artillery pieces for this purpose from ships arriving in the colony. 3. The arrival of French regulars resulted in the abatement of fighting with the Iroquois, however, the threat posed by the English endured. Even so, gunnery remained the business of the French settlers under the guidance of infantry soldiers. Guns were not prominent in warfare during this era because of their lack of mobility in a country with few and poor roads. Instead, guns were used in a garrison role defending population centres. 4. A notable example of such a defence took place at Quebec in 1690. There, the colonists manned some twenty-three guns under the direction of Jacques Le Moyne, a Canadian-born officer. They did good service in repulsing the English attack on the city under Sir William Phipps. The French commander, Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac et de la Palluau, famously replied to the English demand to surrender with the words, “I will answer your General only by the mouths of my cannon…”. 5. In order to support a permanent garrison of regular troops, the French Crown established the “troupes de la marine” in New France in 1692. Service in these “colonial regulars” must have attracted many Canadians because in 1743, the King sought to discourage recruiting in Canada since it withdrew too many men from agriculture. The recruitment of first company of regular French Gunners in Canada was in 1750, when Louis XV ordered a company formed within the “troupes de la marine”. A second company was added in 1756. The Gunners were the elite of the force and the first recorded artillery units accorded the honour of the “right of the line” on parade, a tradition copied by the British Royal Artillery some six years later. Canadian-born men had served in the military forces and colonial defences of New France for more than a century by the time of the formal capitulation of the colony to the British in 1763. 203. BRITISH COLONIAL ERA ARTILLERY 1745-1854 1. The Royal Artillery presence in Canada dates from at least 1745 when a train of the Royal Artillery was stationed in Louisbourg after its capture in that year. The Royal Artillery played a prominent part in the battles with the French for control of the country. From 1760 until 1855, the defence of Canada rested mainly with the British 2-1/31 regulars garrisoned here, but like the French, the British had also to rely on Canadian assistance. All Canadian men between sixteen and sixty were liable to be called up for military service in an emergency. As a result, Canadian- born men of both British and French descent saw service with the Crown forces in the American Revolution 1775- 1783, the War of 1812, and the rebellions of 1837-38. (Among the Canadian artillery units which saw service in the War of 1812, and which are perpetuated by The Royal Regiment were the Royal Militia Artillery and Corps of Provincial Royal Artillery Drivers of Lower Canada and the Incorporated and Provincial Artillery Companies and Provincial Royal Artillery Drivers of Upper Canada) 2. Again, like the French, the British principally used garrison artillery to bolster the defences of settlements rather than field artillery which served with mobile forces.