WIDE Bridge Methodology Paper The trajectory of Ethiopia WIDE - where has it come from and where might it be going? Philippa Bevan 9 August 2019 Contact: Philippa Bevan ([email protected]) WIDE Bridge Methodology Paper: The trajectory of Ethiopia WIDE - where has it come from and where might it be going? Pip Bevan 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Ethiopia WIDE viewed as a dynamic and open complex socio-material system ............................ 5 3. WIDE3 Methodology development to 2016: complex realism – ontological and epistemological assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 15 4. WIDE3 Methodology development to 2016: case-based methods .............................................. 20 5. WIDE Methodology development to 2016: growing recognition of the importance of theoretical frameworks ................................................................................................................................. 26 6. WIDE3 methodology development 2009 - 2016: community theoretical frameworks ................ 29 7. WIDE3 Methodology development to 2016: topic-related theoretical frameworks .................... 44 8. WIDE3 Methodology development to 2016: development intervention frameworks ................. 45 9. WIDE3 Methodology development to 2016 : research instruments, fieldwork and database, interpretation and analysis of the data ....................................................................................... 56 10. WIDE3 research answers, dissemination and praxis ................................................................... 63 11. WIDE3 contributions to knowledge about Ethiopia’s rural communities 2010-13 ...................... 66 12. Some WIDE3 insights into important interventions in the communities 2010 to 2013 ............... 75 13. The WIDE3-4 Transition project .................................................................................................. 86 14. WIDE Bridge project Phase 1 2018: Research conclusions and methodology design and implementation .......................................................................................................................... 87 15. Methodology-related lessons from WIDE1, WIDE2, DEEP, WIDE3 and the WIDE Bridge .......... 101 Appendix 1: The twenty communities ............................................................................................... 109 Appendix 2: WIDE3 and Bridge policy outputs .................................................................................. 127 Appendix 3 WIDE trajectory – past and hoped for ............................................................................ 131 Appendix 4: WIDE1 Research instruments ........................................................................................ 132 Appendix 5: WIDE1 community comparisons 1994/5 ....................................................................... 136 Appendix 6: WeD Ethiopia Database ................................................................................................ 150 Appendix 7: WeD Ethiopia Website .................................................................................................. 155 Appendix 8: Academic bibliography .................................................................................................. 156 Appendix 9: Example of a comparative community livelihood data matrix using WIDE 1 data ........ 163 Appendix 10: DEEP Protocol Disputes and Resolutions ..................................................................... 165 Appendix 11: Guide to developing and using topic-related frameworks to analyse or produce WIDE data........................................................................................................................................... 172 Appendix 12: A list of development interventions potentially entering rural communities in 2013 .. 183 Appendix 13: Topic-Module matrix used in WIDE3 Stage 2 Fieldwork 1 ........................................... 186 Appendix 14: WIDE3 Research Officer experience ............................................................................ 188 Appendix 15: Modules in WIDE3 and WIDE Bridge ........................................................................... 189 Appendix 16: Example of part of a module and the corresponding report document from Stage 2 . 190 Appendix 17: WIDE3 Stage 3 community report structure ................................................................ 194 Appendix 18: Authors of the WIDE3 and WIDE Bridge community reports ....................................... 199 Appendix 19: Data-making, interpretation, analysis and writing figure ........................................... 200 Appendix 20: WIDE Bridge initial code system .................................................................................. 201 Appendix 21: WIDE Bridge Community Report Structure .................................................................. 215 Appendix 22: WIDE teams and outputs since 2009 ........................................................................... 217 Appendix 23: Key methodology lessons from each of the WIDE stages ............................................ 219 Table 1: Main components of the methodology aspect of the evolving WIDE social system .............................. 11 Table 2: A case-variable data matrix ................................................................................................................. 20 Table 3: Typing the Twenty Communities .......................................................................................................... 24 Table 4: The five domains of power / fields of action / functional sub-systems .................................................. 31 Table 5: Control parameters guiding rural community trajectories ................................................................... 35 Table 6: Process parameters with potential to change rural community trajectories ........................................ 38 Table 7: Community control parameters and selected development interventions ............................................ 45 Table 8: Framework for comparing intervention design and implementation.................................................... 52 Table 9: How an intervention in education can have consequences for all five fields of action .......................... 54 Table 10: Modernisation variate master list ...................................................................................................... 57 Table 11: The WIDE3 Stage 3 research modules ................................................................................................ 59 Table 12: The four Bridge communities organised by Wide3 Stage and highlighted by remoteness .................. 87 Table 13: Wide Bridge Phase 1 - introducing new researchers from different disciplines to the methodology ... 88 Table 14: WIDE Bridge inception and fieldwork................................................................................................. 96 Table 15: WIDE Bridge Community Reports ...................................................................................................... 99 Table 16: Comparison of six WIDE stages in terms of budget, programme and outputs .................................. 101 Table 17: Community report lengths WIDE3 and WIDE£ Bridge ...................................................................... 106 Table 18: 103 development interventions potentially entering rural communities in 2013 .............................. 183 Table 19: WIDE3 and Bridge teams ................................................................................................................. 217 Table 20: Programme plans for the three WIDE3 stages ................................................................................. 218 Figure 1: The Foundations of Knowledge Framework ........................................................................................ 16 Figure 2: Dynamic Structure-Culture and Agency Framework for localities ........................................................ 27 Figure 3: Synchronic and diachronic interpretation and analysis ....................................................................... 29 Figure 4: Five domains of power & internal and external role players ............................................................... 33 Figure 5: Participation in the different fields of action by different kind of household member ......................... 34 Figure 6: Co-evolution of communities, country, households and people ........................................................... 37 Figure 7: Community modernisation trajectories .............................................................................................. 39 Figure 8: Co-evolution of households, household members, community and country ........................................ 39 Figure 9: Co-evolution of people, households, community and country ............................................................. 40 Figure 10: Gendered youth passages to adulthood in rural Ethiopia: 13-15 boundary-crossings........................ 41 Figure 11: The policy journey ............................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 12 Cultural