Diplomarbeit

Diplomarbeit

DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Frauen, Religion und Bollywood“ Das brahmanisch-hinduistische Frauenideal in populären Bollywood-Filmen aus dem Jahr 2009 Verfasserin Claudia Rusch, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, im Februar 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 011 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Individuelles Diplomstudium Religionswissenschaft Betreuerin : Ao. Univ-Prof. Dr. theol. Dr. phil.habil. Birgit Heller 1. EINLEITUNG ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1. FORSCHUNGSFRAGE UND AUFGABENSTELLUNG .................................................................................................. 5 1.2. AUFBAU DER ARBEIT UND METHODE .................................................................................................................... 5 1.3. QUELLEN UND LITERATUR....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. ANMERKUNGEN........................................................................................................................................................10 2. BOLLYWOOD.............................................................................................................................................11 2.1. ZUM BEGRIFF BOLLYWOOD ...................................................................................................................................11 2.2. DIE INDISCHE FILMWELT .......................................................................................................................................12 2.3. CHARAKTERISTIKA DER BOLLYWOOD FILME .....................................................................................................14 2.3.1. Eine Absage an den Realismus.................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.2. Masala­ oder Formula­Filme ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.3. Picturization ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4. ÖKONOMISCHER RAHMEN......................................................................................................................................17 2.5. GESELLSCHAFTLICHER KONTEXT .........................................................................................................................18 2.5.1. Religion................................................................................................................................................................ 18 2.5.2. Tradition vs. Moderne................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5.3. Non resident Indians (NRIs)....................................................................................................................... 21 2.5.4. Bombays Mittelschicht.................................................................................................................................. 22 2.6. FRAUENTYPEN IM BOLLYWOOD‐FILM.................................................................................................................23 2.6.1. Die Mutter .......................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.6.2. Die Kurtisane .................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.6.3. Die Prostituierte .............................................................................................................................................. 26 2.6.4. Der Tomboy ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 2.6.5. Der Vamp............................................................................................................................................................ 26 2.6.6. Die „neue“ Frau der 1970er Jahre............................................................................................................ 27 2.6.7. Die moderne Frau ........................................................................................................................................... 27 2.7. RELIGIÖSE VORBILDER WEIBLICHER FILMFIGUREN..........................................................................................28 2.7.2. Sītā/Savitrī ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 2.7.3. Draupadī............................................................................................................................................................. 31 2.7.4. Rādhā ................................................................................................................................................................... 31 3. DAS TRADITIONELLE BRAHMANISCH­HINDUISTISCHE FRAUENBILD..................................32 3.1. DIE AMBIVALENZ DER WEIBLICHKEIT.................................................................................................................33 3.2. VEDISCHE ZEIT .........................................................................................................................................................36 3.3. KLASSISCHER BRAHMANISCHER HINDUISMUS ...................................................................................................39 2 3.3.1. Wichtige normative Texte........................................................................................................................... 41 3.3.1.1. Dharmashāstra‐Literatur.......................................................................................................................................................42 3.3.1.2. Purānas ..........................................................................................................................................................................................48 3.3.1.2.1. Frauenbezogene mythische Themen......................................................................................................................49 3.3.1.2.2. Pārvatī und Satī ................................................................................................................................................................51 3.3.1.3. Die Epen.........................................................................................................................................................................................53 3.3.1.3.1. Das Rāmāyana...................................................................................................................................................................53 3.3.1.3.1.1. Sītā, die ideale pativratā.....................................................................................................................................54 3.3.1.3.2. Das Mahābhārata.............................................................................................................................................................57 3.3.1.3.2.1. Draupadī....................................................................................................................................................................58 3.3.1.3.2.2. Sāvitrī .........................................................................................................................................................................60 3.4. RELIGIÖSES LEBEN DER FRAUEN ..........................................................................................................................61 3.6. DAS PATIVRATĀ‐IDEAL IN DER URBANEN MITTESCHICHT VON HEUTE..........................................................63 4. THEORETISCHER RAHMEN .................................................................................................................65 4.1. DER FILM ALS KULTURELLER TEXT IN DEN CULTURAL STUDIES ...................................................................66 4.1.1. Zuschauerdiskurse im Rahmen der Alltags­ und Populärkultur................................................ 68 4.1.3.1. Der Film als Text ........................................................................................................................................................................69 4.1.3.2. Der aktive Rezipient.................................................................................................................................................................71 4.1.3.2.1. Westlicher Blickwinkel als Rezeptionskontext ..................................................................................................74 4.1.2. Weiblichkeit im Bollywood­Film als kulturelle Repräsentation................................................. 75 4.2. SOZIAL KONSTRUIERTE WEIBLICHKEIT...............................................................................................................77 4.2.1. Doing Gender ...................................................................................................................................................

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