Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Project Number: 47136-003 Loan 3427-CAM (COL) July 2019 Kingdom of Cambodia: Upper Secondary Education Sector Development Program (Construction of 73 sub-projects: 14 new Secondary Resource Centers (SRCs) in 14 provinces, 5 Lower Secondary School (LSSs) upgrading to Upper Secondary School (USSs) in four provinces and 10 overcrowded USSs in six provinces) and 44 Teacher Housing Units or Teacher Quarters (TQs) in 21 provinces) This initial environmental assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AP -- Affected people CCCA -- Cambodia Climate Change Alliance CMAC -- Cambodian Mine Action Centre CMDG -- Cambodia Millennuum Development Goals CLO – Community Liaison Officer EA – Executing Agency EARF -- Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EHS -- Environmental and Health and Safety EHSO – Environmental and Health and Safety Officer EIA -- Environmental Impact Assessment EMIS – Education Management Information System EMP – Environmental Management Plan EO – Environment and Social Safeguard Officer ERC – Education Research Council ESP – Education Strategic Plan Fig. – Figure GRC – Grievance Redress Committee GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism ICT – Information and communication technology IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IEIA – Initial Environmental Impact Assessment LSS -- Lower Secondary School MLVT -- Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training MOE – Ministry of Environment MoEYS – Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport MRC – Mekong River Commission NESS – National Environment and Safeguard Specialist NSDP – National Strategic Development Plan PAM – Project Administration Manual PCP -- Public Communications Policy PCU – Project Coordination Unit PIC – Project Implementation Consultant POE/DOE -- Provincial Office of Education/ District Office of Education QPR – Quarterly Progress Report REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment RF -- Resettlement framework RGC – Royal Government of Cambodia SA – School Authorities SD – School Director 2 SIF – School Improvement Funds SPS – ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) SRC – Secondary Resource Centers SRS – Secondary Resource Schools TGL -- (subject) Technical Group Leader TQ -- Teacher Quarter or Teacher Housing Unit USE – Upper Secondary Education USESDP – Upper Secondary Education Sector Development Project USS – Upper Secondary School UXO -- Unexploded ordance WASH -- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ____________________________________________________________ 7 I.INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________________12 A. PROJECT CONCEPT AND RATIONAL ____________________________________________ 12 B. METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT _______________________________ 12 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK________________________13 A. ADB’S ENVIRONMENT SAFEGUARDS POLICIES ____________________________________ 13 B. CAMBODIA ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND GUIDELINES _______________________________ 15 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ___________________________________________20 A. DESIGN FEATURES OF SCHOOLS ______________________________________________ 23 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ______________________________________42 A. PHYSICAL RESOURCES: ____________________________________________________ 43 1. TOPOGRAPHY ________________________________________________________ 43 2. CLIMATE. ___________________________________________________________ 44 3. AIR QUALITY _________________________________________________________ 45 4. NOISE ____________________________________________________________ 45 B. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ___________________________________________________ 45 C. SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ______________________________________________ 46 1. POPULATION _________________________________________________________ 46 2. WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HEALTH ___________________________________ 46 D.HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ________________________________________ 47 E. PRESENCE OF ASBESTOS AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS _______________________ 47 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES _____47 A. ANTICIPATED BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT _____________________________________ 47 B. PRE-CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS AND MITIAGATION __________________________________ 47 1. LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT _____________________________________ 47 2. ENCROACHMENT ON ECOLOGICALLY AND CULTURALLY PROTECTED AREAS ___________ 48 3. TECHNICAL DESIGN STANDARDS ___________________________________________ 48 4. HEALTH, SANITATION, AND SECURITY _______________________________________ 48 C. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION __________ 48 D.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING SCHOOL OPERATION _______ 49 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ________49 A.FOLLOW-UP INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS _____________ 53 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM _______________________________________53 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ___________________________________55 A. OBJECTIVES55 4 B. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES _______________________________________ 56 C. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING __________________________________ 56 D. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES _____________________________ 59 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ___________________________________59 X. APPENDIXES ______________________________________________________________60 Appendix 1. Enviromental Management Plan and Monitoring Matrix for USESD ___________________ 61 Appendix 2. List of Infrastructure projects that required an IEIA or EIA ___________________________ 68 Appendix 3A. Master Plans of the 61 Schools ________________________________________________ 69 Appendix 3B. School Maps of the 73 sub-projects: 14 SRCs, 5 LSSs upgrading to USSs, 10 overcrowded USSs, and 44 TQs ______________________________________________ 100 Appendix 4A. Attendance Sheets __________________________________________________________ 117 Appendix 4B. Photo documentation of the consultation meetings_______________________________ 133 Appendix 4C. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ______________________________ 136 Appendix 4D. A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening ______________________________ 139 Appendix 4E. School Site Screening Report ________________________________________________ 140 Appendix 4F. Site Safeguard Report _______________________________________________________ 143 Appendix 4G. Questionnaires (Mental Map) for the SRS Field Work Visits _______________________ 145 Appendix 5. Templates of Safe Guard Monitoring Report in Monthly, Quarterly, And Semi-Anuual ReporT ____________________________________________________________________ 148 5 LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table No. Page TABLE 1.ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD POLICY PRINCIPLES OF ADB'S SPS 2009 ............................................ 14 TABLE 2.IDENTIFIED SCHOOL SITES FOR CIVIL WORKS BASED ON SCHOOL NETWERK MAPPING......................... 21 TABLE 3.LOCATION OF THE SCHOOL SITES ................................................................................................... 42 TABLE 4.PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETINGS .................................................................................................. 50 TABLE 5.CONSTRUCTION PHASE MONITORING PLAN ...................................................................................... 57 TABLE 6.OPERATION PHASE MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................................ 57 TABLE 7.SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT/ MONITORING REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 57 Figure No. Page FIGURE 1.PLAN FOR UXO CLEARANCE AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITES ............................................................... 10 FIGURE 2.LOCATION OF SCHOOLS ................................................................................................................. 13 FIGURE 3.PLAN OF PROPOSED NEW SRC ...................................................................................................... 24 FIGURE 4.FRONT AND REAR VIEWS OF THE PROPOSED SRC ........................................................................... 25 FIGURE 5.CROSS-SECTION VIEW OF THE SRC ............................................................................................... 26 FIGURE 6.CROSS-SECTION OF THE LABORATORY ............................................................................................ 27 FIGURE 7.PLAN OF THE SEWAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM ................................................................................ 28 FIGURE 8.LOCATION INSIDE SAMPHAKBORAK USS FOR SRC CONSTRUCTION IN KRATIE PROVINCE ...................... 29 FIGURE 9.LAYOUT OF PROPOSED CLASSROOM BUILDING TO UPGRADE LSS TO USS ........................................... 30 FIGURE 10.FRONT AND REAR VIEWS OF THE PROPOSED CLASSROOM BUILDING TO UPGRADE LSS TO USS........... 31 FIGURE 11.PLAN OF THE TOIRLET .................................................................................................................