THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARS POLAR SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION REYKJA ViK, ICELAND AUGUST 21-25, 2000 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARS POLAR SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION Hosted by University of Iceland Sponsored by Geological Survey of Canada Intemational Glaciological Society Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Reykjav_ -- European City of Culture in the Year 2000 University of Iceland Conveners Helgi Bj6msson, Science Institute, University of Iceland Stephen Clifford, Lunar and Planetary Institute David Paige, University of California, Los Angeles Thorsteinn Thorsteinsson, Alfred Wegener Institute and University of Iceland LPI Contribution No. 1057 Compiled in 2000 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2000) Tide of abstract. In Second International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, p. xx. LPI Contribution No. 1057, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This report is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: [email protected] Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. LPI Uontribution No. 1057 iii Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the Second International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, August 21-25, 2000. The Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of Terrestrial Members Nobuhiko Azuma (Nagaoka University of Technology), Dorthe Dahl- Jensen (University of Copenhagen), David Fisher (Geological Survey of Canada), Ralf Greve (Darmstadt University of Technology), Einar H. Gudmundsson (University of Iceland), Magnus T. Gudmundsson (University of Iceland), Sigfus Johnsen (University of Copenhagen), Thor Jakobsson (Icelan- dic Meteorological Office), Wemer Kuhs (University of Gfttingen), Heinz Miller (Alfred Wegener Institute), Valerie Masson (Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences), John Nye (University of Bristol), Helgi Toffason (National Energy Authority, Iceland), and David Wynn-Williams (British Antarctic Survey). Planetary Members included Wendy Calvin (U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff), Michael Carr (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park), David Crisp (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), James Cutts (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), William Durham (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), Fraser Fanale (University of Hawai'i), Jack Farmer (Arizona State University), James Garvin (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), Rejean Grard (European Space Agency/ESTEC), Robert Haberle (NASA Ames Research Center), Ken Herkenhoff (U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff), Alan Howard (University of Virginia), Hugh Kieffer (U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff), Ralph Lorenz (Lunar and Planetary Laboratory), Daniel McCleese (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Michael Malin (Malin Space Science Systems), James W. Rice Jr. (University of Arizona), David Smith (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), Carol Stoker (NASA Ames Research Center), Susan Smrekar (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Peter Thomas (Cornell University), Aaron Zent (NASA Ames Research Center), and Maria Zuber (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Logistical, administrative, and publications support were provided by the Publications and Program Services Department of the Lunar and Planetary Insti- tute. LPI Contribution No. 1057 v Contents Determination of Martian Northern Polar Insolation Levels Using a Geodetic Elevation Model J. R. Arrell and M. T. Zuber ........................................................................................................ 1 Ice-rich Debris Aprons and Lobate Crater: Digital Elevation Modeling Derived from Viking Images D. Baratoux, C. Delacourt, N. Mangold, and P. Allemand ........................................................ 3 The Current Atmospheric Circulation and Climate of Mars: The Polar Regions J. R. Barnes ................................................................................................................................. 5 The Contribution of Water Ice Clouds to the Water Cycle in the North Polar Region of Mars: Preliminary Analysis D. S. Bass and L. K. Tamppari .................................................................................................... 6 J6kulhlaups in Iceland: Characteristics and Impact H. Bj6rnsson ............................................................................................................................... 8 The Katla Subglacial Volcano: Topography and Flow Paths of J6kulhlaups H. BjOrnsson, E Pdlsson, and M. T. Gudmundsson .................................................................... 9 Scientific Objectives of the Mars Surveyor 2001 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer W. V. Boynton, W. C. Feldman, J. L Trombka, C. d'Uston, I. Mitrofanov, J. R. Arnold, P. A. J. Englert, A. E. Metzger, R. C. Reedy, S. W. Squyres, H. Wiinke, S. H. Bailey, J. Briickner, L. G. Evans, D. Hamara, R. Starr, and C. W. Fellows ..................................................................................................................... 10 Large Grooves in the South Polar Layered Deposits: Insights from Spacecraft Data and Terrestrial Analogs N. T. Bridges and K. E. Herkenhoff .......................................................................................... 12 A Novel Approach to Exploring the Mars Polar Caps J. R. Brophy, E D. Carsey, D. H. Rodgers, L. A. Soderblom, and B. H. Wilcox ........................ 14 Radar Reflectivity of the Martian Polar Regions B. J. Butler, M. A. Slade, and D. O. Muhleman ......................................................................... 15 Sublimation Model for Formation of Residual Cap Depressions S. Byrne and A. P. Ingersoll ...................................................................................................... 16 High-Latitude Martian Impact Paleolakes: The Possible Contribution of Snowfall and Ancient Glaciers in the Lacustrine Activity Associated to Argyre and Hellas N. A. Cabrol and E. A. Grin ..................................................................................................... 18 vi Mars Polar Science H Martian Dust Storms: 1999 MOC Observations B. A. Cantor, P B. James, M. Caplinger, M. C. Malin, and K. S. Edgett .................................. 20 Examination of a Deep Subsurface Mars Polar Cap Mission to Address Climate History F. D. Carsey, K. Nock, G. Bearman, D. Kossakovski, and B. Wilcox ....................................... 21 TES Observations of the Martian Surface and Atmosphere P R. Christensen, H. H. Kieffer, J. C. Pearl, B. Conrath, M. C. Malin, R. C. Clark, R. V. Morris, J. L. Bandfield, M. D. Lane, M. D. Smith, V. E. Hamilton, and R. O. Kuzmin ............................................................................................ 22 Contribution of Volcanic Outgassing to the Martian Polar Layered Deposits R. A. Craddock and R. Greeley ................................................................................................. 24 Northwestern Tharsis Latent Outflow Activity Mars J. M. Dohm, R. C. Anderson, V. R. Baker, J. C. Ferris, T. M. Hare, R. G. Strom, L. Rudd, J. W. Rice Jr., and D. H. Scott ................................................................ 26 Comparative Rheologies of Solid H20, CO 2, and CO 2 Clathrate Hydrate W. B. Durham, S. H. Kirby, and L. A. Stern .............................................................................. 28 An Assessment of the North Polar Magnetic Anomaly: Implications for Basal Melting and Polar Wander J. T. Eckberg ............................................................................................................................. 30 The Martian North Polar Cap: Sedimentary Aspects K. S. Edgett and M. C. Malin ................................................................................................... 32 Spring Defrosting of Martian Polar Regions: Mars Global Surveyor MOC and TES Monitoring of the Richardson Crater Dune Field, 1999--2000 K. S. Edgett, K. D. Supulver, and M. C. Malin ......................................................................... 34 The Katla Subglacial Volcano: Earthquakes and Evidence for Crustal Magma Chambers P Einarsson andB. Brandsd6ttir .............................................................................................. 36 Current Issues in Mars Polar Research: Using MOLA Data to Compare the Martian Polar Caps K. E. Fishbaugh and J. W. Head III .......................................................................................... 38 North Polar Region of Mars: Evidence for Residual Cap Retreat and Basal Melting K. E. Fishbaugh and J. W. Head III .......................................................................................... 40 Continuing Measurements of CO 2 Crystals with a Hand-Held 35 GHz Radiometer J. Foster, A. Chang, D. Hall, A. Tait, W. Wergin, and E. Erbe .................................................. 42 LPI Contribution No. 1057 vii Troughs in Ice Sheets and Other Icy Deposits on