REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND MINERAL RESOURCES MASTER PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER CATCHMENT AREAS IN KENYA SEPTEMBER 2012 REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND MINERAL RESOURCES MASTER PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER CATCHMENT AREAS IN KENYA SEPTEMBER 2012 Funding for this publication was provided by Danida through the Natural Resources Management Programme (NRMP) This publication may be produced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources (MEMR) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this report as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing of the Ministry. This is a Government of Kenya Publication. For bibliographic and reference purposes this publication should be referred to as: “MEMR (2012). Masterplan for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Water Catchment Areas in Kenya” Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources P.O. Box 30126-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. To obtain copies of this publication, please contact: The Permanent Secretary Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources P.O. Box 30126-00100 Nairobi Tel +254202730808/9 Fax +254202734722 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.go.ke This report was prepared using funds provided by the Government of Kenya and DANIDA through the Natural Resources Management Programme (NRMP) The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the agencies cooperating in this project. The designation employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of MEMR or cooperating agencies. 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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................... vi List of Plates ...............................................................................................................................................................vii Abbreviations and Acronyms..................................................................................................................................viii Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................xii Glossary......................................................................................................................................................................xiii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................xviii 1.0 Chapter One: Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 2.0 Chapter Two: Environmental Status, Land Use and Biodiversity ...............................................................7 2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................8 2.2 Water Catchment Areas in Kenya ...................................................................................................................9 2.3 Physiography, Hydrology and Climate .........................................................................................................10 2.4 Population and Livelihoods ............................................................................................................................12 2.5 Ecosystems and Biodiversity Status .............................................................................................................22 2.6 Status of Water Catchments and Sub-Catchments ..................................................................................33 2.7 Environmental Status of Transboundary Water Catchments .................................................................57 2.8 Water Catchment Conservation and Climate Change .............................................................................58 2.9 Summary .............................................................................................................................................................59 3.0 Chapter Three: Governance Framework for Water Catchment Areas ...................................................61 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................62 3.2 International and Regional Frameworks for Governing Catchment Areas .........................................62 3.3 The Imperatives of The Constitution of Kenya 2010 ................................................................................63 3.4 Legal and Policy Frameworks for the Conservation of Water Catchment Areas ...............................65 3.5 Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................................................73 3.6 Challenges with Current Governance Arrangements ...............................................................................75 4.0 Chapter Four: Conservation and Sustainable Management of Water Catchment Areas ....................77 4.1 Problems Identified ..........................................................................................................................................78 4.2 Proposed Interventions ...................................................................................................................................79 4.3 Resource Mobilisation .....................................................................................................................................84 4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework .......................................................................................................86 4.5 Communication and Public Participation ...................................................................................................87 4.6 Organisation Structure for the Restoration ................................................................................................87 4.7 Intervention Measures for Transboundary Water Catchments .............................................................87 4.8 Cost Benefit Analysis of the Restoration Programme ..............................................................................90 Master Plan for Water Catchment Areas iii References ..................................................................................................................................................................91 Appendices ...............................................................................................................................................................101 Appendix 1. Gazetted Members of the TaskForce ...................................................................................................101 Appendix 2. Terms of Reference Of Taskforce..........................................................................................................104 Appendix 3. Population by County, Gender and Youth (2009) ............................................................................104 Appendix 4. Location and Status of the Main Water Catchment and Sub-Catchment Areas ......................107 Appendix 5. Key Tree Species for the Main Water Catchment and Sub-Catchment Areas ...........................112 Appendix 6. Extent of Degradation of Water Catchments In Kenya ...................................................................118 Appendix 7. Policies, Legal Instruments and Institutions Applicable to Governance of Water Catchment Areas .........................................................................................................................124 Appendix 8. Resource Distribution by Medium Term Expenditure Framework ...............................................126 Appendix 9. Resource Distribution to Sectors and Agency ..................................................................................128 Appendix 10. Resource Distribution to Output by Lead Agency ...........................................................................130 Appendix 11. Logical Framework: 2011-2030 ............................................................................................................133