MORECAMBE BAY PARTNERSHIP HEADLANDS TO HEADSPACE ©David Hodgson THE CREEKS OF LANCASTER: INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT AND REPORT ON WARDLEY’S CREEK The Creeks of Lancaster Desk-Based Assessment CONTENTS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 7 TRAINING, RESEARCH AND REPORT INFORMATION ................................................................ 7 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Background of Project ................................................................................................. 9 1.2 The Purpose of the Desk-Based Assessment ............................................................ 10 2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Documentary Sources ............................................................................................... 10 2.3 Site Visit ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Glossary ..................................................................................................................... 11 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................ 13 3.1 General Background .................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Specific Sites .............................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Piel of Foudray (Asset 1) ........................................................................................... 16 3.4 Barrow (Asset 2) ........................................................................................................ 17 3.5 Beanwell Baycliffe (Asset 3) ...................................................................................... 19 3.6 Conishead (Asset 4) ................................................................................................... 20 3.7 UlVerston (Asset 5) .................................................................................................... 20 3.8 Plumpton Bight (Asset 6) .......................................................................................... 21 3.9 Greenodd (Asset 7) .................................................................................................... 22 3.10 Flookburgh/ Cark (Asset 8) ..................................................................................... 23 3.11 Grange-over-Sands (Asset 9) ................................................................................... 27 3.12 Milnthorpe (Asset 10) ............................................................................................. 28 3.13 Hest Bank Jetty (Asset 11) ....................................................................................... 32 3.14 Morecambe Harbour (Asset 12) ............................................................................. 36 3.15 Lancaster (Asset 13) ................................................................................................ 38 3.16 Heysham (Asset 14) ................................................................................................. 40 3.17 Sunderland Point (Asset 15) ................................................................................... 42 3.18 Glasson Dock (Asset 16) .......................................................................................... 44 3.19 PreVious Archaeological Works .............................................................................. 46 4 SITE VISITS ........................................................................................................................ 48 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 66 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 67 6.1 Primary Sources ......................................................................................................... 67 The Creeks of Lancaster Desk-Based Assessment 6.2 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................... 67 6.3 Websites .................................................................................................................... 70 APPENDIX 1: HERITAGE ASSET GAZETTEER ............................................................................ 72 APPENDIX 2: FIGURES ............................................................................................................. 86 APPENDIX 3: FROST, N. WARDLEY’S CREEK DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT ................................. 89 ILLUSTRATIONS Cover image: Hest Bank Jetty, 2004 by David Hodgson FIGURES Figure 1: Site location Figure 2: Location of heritage assets relevant to study PLATES Plate 1: Illustration of the Port of Barrow c. 1870 Plate 2: Excerpt of the 1895 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map showing the dock system in Barrow in Furness. Surveyed 1889-1890. Lancashire Sheet XXI Plate 3: Google Earth Image of the dock system forming the Port of Barrow Plate 4: Excerpt from the 1850 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey mapping showing a wooden pier to the south of Bardsea. Surveyed 1846-7. Sheet Lancashire XVI Plate 5: Excerpt from first edition 1850 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map showing the pier at the eastern end of Ulverston Canal. Surveyed 1846-7. Sheet No. XVI Plate 6: Excerpt from 1895 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map showing Ainslie Pier. Surveyed 1888-9. Sheet XVI Plate 7: Excerpt from the 1919 Ordnance Survey map of Plumpton. Revised 1911. Sheet Lancashire XVI.NE Plate 8: Excerpt from the 1850 First Edition Ordnance Survey map of Greenodd, showing the various quays. Surveyed 1846. Sheet Lancashire XVI Plate 9: Excerpt from ‘An Accurate map of the County of Lancaster’ Emanuel Bowen 1752 Plate 10: Excerpt from William Yates’ map of ‘The County Palatine of Lancashire showing the Cotton Works to the North of Flookburgh Plate 11: Excerpt from the First Edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch to 1 mile map of 1851, surveyed in 1847-8. Sheet No. XVII Plate 12: Excerpt from the 1891 25 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in 1889 showing the location of Crook Wheel and the River Eea. Sheet No. XVII.6 The Creeks of Lancaster Desk-Based Assessment Plate 13: Excerpt from 1893 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map showing two piers serving the town. Surveyed 1890. Lancashire Sheet XVII Plate 14: Excerpt from 1857 6inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey mapping. Sheet Westmorland XLVI. Surveyed 1857 Plate 15: Google Earth image of possible landing stages within Milnthorpe port at Sandside Plate 16: Excerpt from Hennet’s 1830 map of Lancashire showing a breakwater just off the shore to the north-north-west of Hest Bank Plate 17: Excerpt from 1848 Ordnance Survey First Edition mapping showing the breakwater and fishing baulk. Surveyed 1845. Scale 6 inches to 1 mile. Lancashire Sheet XXIV Plate 18: Volunteer Pat Hartley with transcribed insurance account records for Hest Bank Plate 19: Excerpt from 1933 Ordnance Survey mapping showing the change of direction of Hatlex Beck. Revised c.1930. Scale 6 inches to 1 mile. Sheet XXIV.SE Plate 20: Excerpt from the 1895 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map showing Morecambe Harbour. Surveyed 1891. Sheet Lancashire XXX Plate 21: Excerpt from Speed’s 1610 map of Lancaster showing ships sailing up the River Plate 22: Excerpt from Stephen Mackreath’s 1778 Plan of the town of Lancaster showing the River Loyne (Lune) and St George’s Quay Plate 23: Excerpt from 1895 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map of St George’s Quay area of Lancaster. Central Lancashire Section. Surveyed 1891, published 1895 Plate 24: Excerpt from 1848 First Edition 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map. Lancashire sheet XXIX. Surveyed 1845 Plate 25: Excerpt from the 1891 25 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map showing the area which was later developed as Heysham harbour. Lancashire Sheet XXIX.16. Surveyed 1889 Plate 26: Excerpt from 1915 6 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map. Lancashire Sheet XXIX.SE. Revised 1911 Plate 27: Excerpt from Yates’ 1788 map of Lancaster showing ‘new dock’ at ‘Glason Point’ Plate 28: Plan of Glasson Dock (Shaw 1945, 122) Plate 29. Excerpt from the 1848 First Edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch to 1 mile mapping showing Glasson Dock and associated housing. Lancashire Sheet XXXIV. Surveyed 1844-45. Plate 30: Ulverston pier located at the eastern end of the canal looking south-east Plate 31: Ulverston pier located at the eastern end of the canal looking north-east Plate 32: Ulverston pier located at the eastern end of the canal looking north-east Plate 33: Area of Sandside near the Ship Inn where a possible quay was identified through Goggle Earth images. Submitted by Vivienne Charlesworth The Creeks of Lancaster Desk-Based Assessment Plate 34: Area of Sandside where a possible pier was identified through Goggle Earth images. Submitted by Vivienne Charlesworth Plate 35: Former Warehouse