doi:10.2811/70380 For information on FRA’s data collection Country codes on antisemitic incidents and hate crime, as well as its work on Holocaust and human BE Belgium rights education, see: DE Germany FR France HU Hungary TK-04-14-439-EN-C IT Italy HElping to MakE fUndaMEntal rigHtS a rEality for EvEryonE in tHE EUropEan Union LV Latvia EQUALITY RO Romania SE Sweden FRA UK United Kingdom Antisemitism HELPING TO MAKE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS A REALITY FOR EVERYONE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Acronyms Summary overview of the situation in the European Union 2002–2012 CEJI A Jewish Contribution to an doi:10.2811/37031 Inclusive Europe November 2013 Country codes Acronyms AT Austria ECHR European Convention on Human Rights BE Belgium CIDI Centrum Informatie en CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union BG Bulgaria TK-AG-13-001-EN-C (CJEU is also used for the time predating CY Cyprus the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty CZ Czech Republic antisemitism of and perceptions experiences in EU Member States: Jews crime against and hate Discrimination in December 2009) DE Germany ANNUAL REPORT DK Denmark EASO European Asylum Support Office FRA Documentatie Israel EE Estonia ECRI European Commission against Racism EL Greece 2012 HELPING TO MAKE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS A REALITY FOR EVERYONE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION and Intolerance Antisemitism casts a long shadow on Jewish people’s chances to enjoy their legally guaranteed rights to human dignity, ES Spain FI Finland ECtHR European Court of Human Rights FR France EDPS European Data Protection Supervisor HU Hungary CST Community Security Trust HR Croatia EU‑MIDIS European Union Minorities and IE Ireland For its role in advancing peace, reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe, the European Union (EU) was awarded Discrimination Survey freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and non-discrimination. The daily insults, discrimination, harassment IT Italy the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012, a vote of confidence in the project of European integration and an eloquent acknowledge‑ FRA European Union Agency for Fundamental LT Lithuania ment of what a hard‑won achievement it represents. It was awarded, fittingly, at a time of testing, when the values that Rights LU Luxembourg knit the EU together felt the strain of socio‑economic, political and constitutional crises. LV Latvia FRANET Network of Legal and Social Science ECHR European Convention on Human MT Malta Against a backdrop of rising unemployment and increased deprivation, this FRA Annual report closely examines the situa ‑ Experts (FRA) NL Netherlands tion of those, such as children, who are vulnerable to budget cuts, impacting important fields such as education, healthcare and even physical violence, with which Jewish people across the European Union (EU) must contend, show few signs LGBT Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender PL Poland and social services. It looks at the discrimination that Roma continue to face and the mainstreaming of elements of extre ‑ NHRI National Human Rights Institute PT Portugal mist ideology in political and public discourse. It considers the impact the crises have had on the basic principle of the rule in 2012 and achievements challenges rights: Fundamental RO Romania of law, as well as stepped up EU Member State efforts to ensure trust in justice systems. NGO Non‑governmental organisation Rights SE Sweden SI Slovenia The annual report also covers key EU initiatives that affect fundamental rights. The European Commission launched a drive TEU Treaty on European Union of abating, despite EU and EU Member States’ best efforts. Nevertheless, little information exists on the extent and SK Slovakia in 2012 to modernise the EU’s data protection framework, the most far‑reaching reform of EU data protection legislation TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the EU UK United Kingdom in 20 years. The EU also pushed ahead with the increased use of databases and information technology tools for border management and visa processing. It took steps to enable non‑national Union citizens to participate in European Parliament UN United Nations elections, enhanced victims’ rights, successfully negotiated asylum instruments which were under review and focused on Note: A list of international and regional human rights conventions ECtHR European Court of Human Rights the challenges and obstacles facing older persons, including those with disabilities, in its 2012 Year of Active Ageing. and their abbreviations can be found in Chapter 10. nature of antisemitic crimes to guide policy makers seeking to effectively fight these crimes. This FRA survey is the HIGHLIGHTS The annual report looks at fundamental rights‑related developments in asylum, immigration and integration; border control 20112 and visa policy; information society and data protection; the rights of the child and protection of children; equality and The FRA highlights the titles of the non‑discrimination; racism and ethnic discrimination; participation of EU citizens in the Union’s democratic functioning; Fundamental rights: EU Charter of Fundamental Rights by using EUMC European Union Monitoring access to efficient and independent justice; and rights of crime victims. the following colour code: first ever to collect comparable data on Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of antisemitism, hate-motivated This year’s annual report Focus section examines times of crisis from the perspective of fundamental rights. challenges and It acknowledges that the crises have prompted discussions about the nature, scope and future of the EU, while Dignity Fundamental rights: FOCUS key legal and policy reaffirming the principles at the EU’s heart, including adherence to fundamental rights. developments in 20112 Centre for Racism and achievements in 2012 Freedoms crime and discrimination across a number of EU Member States, specifically in Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Equality Solidarity Xenophobia (FRA predecessor) The full report and the annual report Italy, Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Its findings reveal a worrying level of discrimination, particularly in Citizens’ rights summary – Highlights 2012 – are available in English, French and German. These documents ISSN 1831-0362 are available for download at: fra.europa.eu. Justice EU-MIDIS European Union Minorities and FRA - EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Schwarzenbergplatz 11 – 1040 Vienna – Austria Tel. +43 1580 30‑0 – Fax +43 1580 30‑699 employment and education, a widespread fear of victimisation and heightening concern about antisemitism online. fra.europa.eu – [email protected] facebook.com/fundamentalrights CITIZENS’ RIGHTS linkedin.com/company/eu‑fundamental‑rights‑agency Discrimination Survey twitter.com/EURightsAgency EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS By shining light on crimes that all too often remain unreported and therefore invisible, this FRA report seeks to help put an end to them. ILGA-Europe European region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association Discover the past for the future ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions The role of historical sites and museums and Human Rights (OSCE) in Holocaust education and human rights education in the EU OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe CITIZENS’ RIGHTS TEU Treaty on European Union TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the Discrimination and hate crime European Union This report addresses matters related to, against Jews in EU Member States: in particular, the right to human dignity Human rights education at Holocaust memorial sites being inviolable (Article 1), freedom of across the European Union: An overview of practices thought, conscience and religion (Article 10), experiences and perceptions non-discrimination, including on the grounds What is the role of Holocaust-related sites in today’s societies? What do they off er to young people? of religion or belief (Article 21), and the What should be considered by schools and teachers when planning a visit to such a site? And how can teachers make best use of such visits TK----EN-C for teaching about the Holocaust and human right to an effective remedy and fair trial rights? of antisemitism This Handbook provides a number of examples, hints and historical background information, (Article 47) falling under Chapters I ‘Dignity’, which will help teachers and students to make visits to Holocaust-related sites and exhibitions a meaningful and enriching experience. II ‘Freedoms’, III ‘Equality’ and IV ‘Justice’ of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Excursion to the past – teaching for the future: Handbook for teachers FRA - European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Schwarzenbergplatz 11 The FRA highlights the chapters of the 1040 - Wien Austria Tel.: +43 (0)1 580 30 - 0 Fax: +43 (0)1 580 30 - 691 Email: [email protected] EU Charter of Fundamental Rights by using fra.europa.eu the following colour code: Dignity Freedoms FRA – EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Schwarzenbergplatz 11 – 1040 Vienna – Austria Equality Tel.: +43 158030-0 – Fax: +43 158030-699 Solidarity fra.europa.eu – [email protected] facebook.com/fundamentalrights Citizens’ rights linkedin.com/company/eu-fundamental-rights-agency Justice EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS twitter.com/EURightsAgency doi:10.2811/70380 For information on FRA’s data collection Country codes on antisemitic incidents and hate crime, as well as its work on Holocaust and human BE Belgium rights education,