Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Gorbet, Marsha (1988) Contemporary choreography at work: a new method of recording the choreographic process. Masters thesis, Middlesex Polytechnic. [Thesis] Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13557/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. 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See also repository copyright: re-use policy: http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/policies.html#copy Middlesex University Research Repository: an open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Gorbet, Marsha, 1988. Contemporary choreography at work: a new method of recording the choreographic process. Available from Middlesex University’s Research Repository. Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this thesis/research project are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Any use of the thesis/research project for private study or research must be properly acknowledged with reference to the work’s full bibliographic details. This thesis/research project may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from it, or its content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Middlesex University via the following email address: [email protected] The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. CONTEMPORARY CHOREOGRAPHERS AT WORK A NEW METHOD OF RECORDING THE CHOREOGRAPHIC PROCESS Marsha Gorbet, B.A. (Hons.): B.A.P.A. (Hons.) This thesis is submitted to the Council for National Academic A wards in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy. Sponsoring establishment Middlesex Polytechnic Collaborating establishment Ballet Rambert June 1988 CONTEMPORARY CHOREOGRAPHERS AT WORK A NEW METHOD OF RECORDING THE CHOREOGRAPHIC PROCESS M.L. GORBET This study proposes and develops a new method of recording the working processes of choreographers. Whilst conventional recording methods, such as notes and video/ audio-taping, have been employed in previous similar research, a search for a recording method unique to this part of the choreographic process has been overlooked. Consequently, the methods used by choreographers to create dances within the context of rehearsals, have remained under-explored. Proceeding empirically and employing the precepts of ethnography as a guide, this investigation examines the working methods of six professional choreographers in rehearsal. The six choreographers are Robert North, Richard Alston, Micha Berghese, Ian Spink, Edgar Newman and Emlyn Claid. The study is characterized by data­ gathering procedures which both derive and evolve from the day-to­ day observation of rehearsals. From the initial stage of recording in which notes and diagrams are employed as data-gathering tools, a range of choreographic activities are isolated, codified, classified and finally systemized into a tabulated format for use during rehearsals. This chart serves to eliminate the need for both notes and the more intrusive recording tools such as cameras and tape recorders, and allows the researcher to capture not only every choreographic activity but also a sense of the progression of the creative process. The thesis pescribes the evolution of research procedure and the modification of focus which occurred during the course of the investi­ gation, the systemization of observation and recording, the development of the new recording method from its initial forays into codification through eight versions of the recording chart, and documents and analysis the notes and the changes implemented during the development of the chart The new recording method is in tended to form the basis for further research into the choreographic process, but might be used, as it stands, as an aid in the teaching of choreography students. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisors David Henshaw and Dr. Elizabeth Goodacre for their guidance, the artistic directors and choreographers of Ballet Rambert, Extemporary Dance Theatre and Mantis for granting me permission to observe rehearsals, and all the dance students, tutors, choreographers and performers who assisted me in the testing of the recording method. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 1 - Representations of the Choreographic Process in Literature and in Film 10 Chapter 2 - The Application of Established Research Methods to the Current Study 31 Chapter 3 - Evolving Research Procedure and Modifying Focus 46 Chapter 4 - Developing the New Recording Method 54 Chapter 5 - Systemizing Observation and Recording 72 Chapter 6 - Analysis of the New Recording Method 87 Chapter 7 - Conclusion 139 Appendixes Appendix A - Chart Versions 1 - 8 i Appendix B - Test and Test Results x Instructions for Using Chart with Glossary of Terms Appendix C - Sample Comparative Analysis xxix The Working Process as observed in one rehearsal of Richard Alston choreographing 'Cutter' compared with the working process in one rehearsal of Emlyn Claid choreographing 'Pier Rides', both for Extemporary Dance Theatre Bibliography xxxviii CONTEMPORARY CHOREOGRAPHERS AT WORK A NEW METHOD OF RECORDING THE CHOREOGRAPHIC PROCESS M.L. GORBET This study proposes and develops a new method of recording the working processes of choreographers. Whilst conventional recording methods, such as notes and video / audio-taping, have been employed in previous similar research, a search for a recording method unique to this part of the choreographic process has been overlooked. Consequently, the methods used by choreographers to create dances within the context of rehearsals, have remained under-explored. Proceeding empirically and employing the precepts of ethnography as a guide, this investigation examines the working methods of six professional choreographers in rehearsal. The six choreographers are Robert North, Richard Alston, Micha Berghese, Ian Spink, Edgar Newman and Emlyn Claid. The study is characterized by data­ gathering procedures which both derive and evolve from the day-to­ day observation of rehearsals. From the initial stage of recording in which notes and diagrams are employed as data-gathering tools, a range of choreographic activities are isolated, codified, classified and finally systemized into a tabulated format for use during rehearsals. This chart serves to eliminate the need for both notes and the more intrusive recording tools such as cameras and tape recorders, and allows the researcher to capture not only every choreographic activity but also a sense of the progression of the creative process. The thesis describes the evolution of research procedure and the modification of focus which occurred during the course of the investi­ gation, the systemization of observation and recording, the development of the new recording method from its initial forays into codification through eight versions of the recording chart, and documents and analysis the notes and the changes implemented during the development of the chart The new recording method is intended to form the basis for further research into the choreographic process, but might be used, as it stands, as an aid in the teaching of choreography students. 1 INTRODUCTION The dance world has long been marked by certain allegedly indispensable and apparently unshakeable traditions. Some such traditions, despite contributing to the air of mystery so often attributed to the dance, have also, alas, tended to impede its progress. One such tradition has been the belief that the art of choreography cannot be taught. The would-be choreographer, it has always