20 Program Richard Strauss Also Sprach Zarathustra 1864–1948 Fanfare/Introduction 1896 Eric Kujawsky, Redwood Symphony Also know as “Sunrise” as heard in the movie 2001, A Space Odyssey. It was hard to resist the temptation to show off our four brass bands with this rousing musical gem. Felix Mendelssohn Hebrides Overture 1809–1847 1830 Eric Townell, Rochester Oratorio Society Also known as the Fingal’s Cave Overture, the work was inspired by a cavern known as Fingal’s Cave on Staffa, an island in the Hebrides archipelago located off the west coast of Scotland. On a “Grand Tour” of Europe, the 21-year-old composer was struck by its beauty and immediately jotted down a sketch reflecting his musical impression of the place. Hector Berlioz Shepherd’s Farewell 1803–1869 from L’Enfance du Christ 1850 Robert Gurney, San Francisco Lyric Chorus The Childhood of Christ is an oratorio based on the flight of the Holy Family into Egypt. This selection is a farewell and wish for safe passage sung to the Christ Child by the shepherds as the Holy Family is about to depart. Arrigo Boito Mefistofele 1894–1918 Final Chorus 1868 Adrian G. Horn, Finger Lakes Choral Festival As the aging Faust approaches the end of his life, he dreams of a tranquil and fruitful world, free of evil. Mephistopheles becomes alarmed and urges Faust to come away with him, but his temptations are thwarted as trumpets herald the appearance of a heavenly choir. Faust, enraptured by the celestial vision, begs for deliverance from evil and is granted redemption as his dying wish. Mephistopheles, in defeat, whistles derisively at the holy seraphim as they shower him with rose petals. 2 19 — Intermission — Listen to the song of love which once inflamed your heart! Odi il canto d’amor che un di beô il tuo cor! Come, intoxicate your veins on the breasts of the sirens! Come! Hector Berlioz Requiem Vieni a inebbriar le vene sul sen delle sirene! Vieni! 1803–1869 (Grande Messe des morts) 1837 (Faust raises a bible to the heavens and prays for deliverance from Eric Kujawsky, Redwood Symphony temptation.) Dan McInerney, Tenor soloist Choir: And the saints and the soaring golden cherubs, e dei santi e dei volanti, e dei volanti cherubini d’ôr! I. Requiem & Kyrie Grant rest to the departed and let perpetual light shine from eternal harmony of the universe, immersed in supreme love, upon them. Hear my prayer, God. Lord have mercy, Christ have mercy. Dall’ eternal armonia sì dell’ Univero emana un verso di supremo II. Dies irae The day of wrath is coming and will turn the world into a cinder. amor; How great a trembling there will be on the day when the judge comes to weigh and rising to you in sweet breezes, the sound, hail, hail, hail! all things. The trumpet broadcasts a wondrous sound through the graves of all e s’erge a te, s’erge a te per l’aure in suon soave, Ave, Ave, Ave! the lands as creation rises again to answer to the Judge, nothing will remain (As the choir sings the above lines, Faust is redeemed and dies; the unavenged. cherubs rain rose petals on Mefistofele, which sting as they hit him. III. Quid sum miser Upon what patron can a wretch like me call? Remember He acknowledges defeat and whistles derisively at the heavens as the kind Jesus that I am the reason for your life, I pray bending and bowing, have opera ends.) concern for my ending. IV. Rex tremendae King of formidable majesty, save me, fountain of devotion. With the damned consigned to fierce flames, free me from the mouth of the lion lest the abyss swallow me up. V. Quaerens me Seeking me, you redeemed me, having suffered the cross. Let not your great work be in vain, hold a place for me among the sheep at your right hand. VI. Lacrymosa Tearful shall be the day when man shall rise again to be judged. Kind Jesus grant them eternal rest. VII. Offertorium Lord, Jesus Christ, King of glory, free the souls of the departed from the pain of hell, and let thy standard bearer St. Michael lead them into the holy light. VIII. Hostias Sacrifices and prayers we offer to you, accept them on behalf of the souls whom we commemorate to you this day. IX. Sanctus Holy, holy, holy, God of hosts. The heaven and earth are filled with your glory. Hosanna in the highest. X. Agnus Dei Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, give them everlasting rest. Hear my prayer, unto you all flesh shall come. Eternal rest grant the dead, and let perpetual light shine upon them, and with your saints forever, Lord, because you are merciful. 18 3 Berlioz Requiem In July 1837, Hector Berlioz was approached by the French Minister of the Interior Berlioz: Shepherd's Farewell to compose a Requiem Mass to be performed as part of a three-day event Must thou bid farewell, sweet infant, to the crib where thou wast born? commemorating soldiers who died in the Revolution of 1830. But just days before Comfort thou thy mother weeping, oh cheer her heart of hope forlorn! the scheduled performance, the event was shortened over concerns that it might Grow in strength till manhood bids thee gladly greet thy life’s fairest morn. again revive revolutionary passions, so the premiere of the Requiem was canceled. Grow in strength till manhood bids thee gladly greet thy life’s fairest morn. Fortuitously, at least for the Requiem, in October of that year, the commander of a French force in Algeria, General Damrèmont, was mortally wounded in a siege on Should in heathen lands dire perils and dangers ever vex thee sore, the city of Constantine. Berlioz was summoned by the Minister of War and asked to Come return to us, thy home be with us, where thou shalt grieve no more. premiere the Requiem at a ceremony in December commemorating General Ne’er forget unto thy calling we will open our cottage door. Damrèmont and the soldiers killed in the siege. Ne’er forget unto thy calling we will open our cottage door. The Requiem is an imposing work, with a score that calls for an orchestra of over 200 Sweetest babe, God grant thee his blessing, God bless thy parents sorely tried. players, including four offstage brass bands and a chorus of 220 singers. But this is only May his goodness e’er protect thee turn evil from thy path aside. the starting point. Berlioz suggests that these forces may be doubled or tripled if space May his angels hover o’er thee, all thy footsteps guard and guide. permits. It is a work of stunning contrasts; gentle and urgent pleas for mercy, May his angels hover o’er thee, all thy footsteps guard and guide. frightening visions of the apocalypse, majestic, glorious, and mysterious sonorities, and finally, an ethereal conclusion that captures the essence of eternity. In his memoirs Boito: Mefistofele (final scene) Berlioz wrote, “if I were threatened with the destruction of the whole of my works save Faust, once again an old man, and unfulfilled by the exotic adventures given to him one, I should crave mercy for the Messe des morts.” by Mefistofele, begins to envision a world free of sorrow, where people can live in One unusual aspect of the work is that it is scored only for sopranos, tenors and basses. peace and prosperity. Mefistofele, becoming alarmed that his final victory may be Since the reality is that most choruses have large alto sections, most performances slipping away, urges Faust to fly away with him and not be tempted by these visions require drawing up a complicated set of instructions for altos to follow that has them of a perfect world. switching between the second soprano and first tenor parts. This performance features Then celestial trumpets are heard reverberating through the heavens. The following a new edition that adds an alto part to the score, relieving the altos of the tedious lines are sung by Mefistofele and Faust in the opera. (In our edited version, these practice of entering these instructions in their scores. lines are played by trombones.) Singers from New York and the Bay Area Mefistofele: Come! I spread my cloak and we will fly through the air Plus Redwood Symphony—What’s the connection? (Trying to distract Faust from the heavenly vision.) The San Francisco Choral Society was founded in 1989 by Adrian Horn. In that year Faust: It’s heaven! the Choral Society and Redwood Symphony, directed by Eric Kujawsky, collaborated on performances of Carmina Burana and Mahler’s Second Symphony. (Faust pulls away from Mefistofele as the heavenly choir sings.) In the early 1990s, Robert Gurney was accompanist and Assistant Conductor of the Choir: Hail, Lord of angels and saints, and the spheres Choral Society, and Acting Director for a performance of the Verdi Requiem guest Ave Signor, Signor degli angeli dei santi, delle sfere, conducted by Adrian in 1994. Subsequently Robert founded the San Francisco Lyric (Then Mefistofele sings the following line, which in our version is sung Chorus; the President of the Lyric Chorus is Helene Whitson, author of the San by the chorus.) 4 17 mihi quoque spem dedisti. to me also you have given hope. Francisco Bay Area Chorus Directory and Archivist Emerita at San Francisco State Inter oves locum praesta, Hold a place among the sheep, University. Helene had befriended Adrian in the late 1980s on his many trips to do et ab hoedis me sequestra, and separate me from the goats, research in the library when he was co-director of the San Francisco State University statuens in parte dextra.