OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY ORNLSUB-02-1 1XSY161/01 ~ MANAGED BY UT-BATTELLE FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY D Development of In Vitro Systems for Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Final Report for 1992 to 2002 6. V. Conger The University of Tennessee UT-BATTELLE -ORNL-27 (4-00) DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge. Web site http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source. 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Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ORNWSUB-02-1 lXSY 161/01 Environmental Sciences Division DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO SYSTEMS FOR SWITCHGRASS . (PANICUM VIRGATUM) FINAL REPORT FOR 1992 TO 2002 B. V. Conger The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee Date Published: September 2002 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Oftice of Biomass Budget Activity No. EB 52 03 00 0 Prepared by OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 3783 1 managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-000R22725 L CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................... v . LISTOFTABLES ......................................................... vii TEN-YEAR PROJECT SUMMARY (1 992-2002) .................................. 1 PROJECT PUBLICATIONS ................................................... 3 REFEREED JOURNAL ................................................... 3 PROCEEDINGS ......................................................... 4 ABSTRACTS ........................................................... 4 FIRST FIVE-YEAR PROJECT SUMMARY (JULY 1.1992.JUNE 30. 1997) .............6 SECOND FIVE-YEAR PROJECT SUMMARY (JULY 1.1997.JUNE 30. 2002) .......... 9 INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 9 OBJECTIVES ........................................................... 9 SUMMARY ............................................................. SECOND FIVE-YEAR PROJECT DETAILED REPORT (JULY 1.1997.JUNE 30. 2002) . 12 INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 12 RESEARCH RESULTS .................................................. 12 Multiple Shoot Formation .............................................. 12 Suspension Cultures .................................................. 17 Genotype. Osmotic Pretreatment. and Inoculum Age .......................... 20 Relation of Specific Proteins to Regeneration Capacity and Regenerable Genotypes ... 26 Genetic Transformation ................................................ 27 Antherculture ...................................................... 54 Crossing Blocks of Superior Clones ....................................... 58 DISCUSSION .......................................................... 62 APPENDIX .ANNUAL REPORT 2001: DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO SYSTEMS FOR SWITCHGRASS (PANICUM VIRGATUM) .................................. 65 . iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Direct differentation of multiple shoots from mature caryopses of Alaino . 14 2 SEM ontogeny of multiple shoot formation . 16 3 Histological longitudinal sections of the axil showing differentiation of multiple shootclumps ...................................................... 18 4 A series of events of somatic embryogenesis observed in cell suspension cultures of switchgrass . 21 5 Scanning and light micrographs of somatic embryos recovered from a suspension culture on a 2 1 0-mm mesh screen . 22 6 Effect of osmotic pretreatment (equal concentrations each of sorbital and mannitol) on callus production in suspension cultures initiated from lo-, 20-, and 30-d inocula . 24 7 Effect of osmotic pretreatment (equal concentrations of sorbitol and mannitol) on the embryogenic capacity of suspension cultures initiated from calluses grown for 10, 20, and 30 d on solid medium . 25 8 Regeneration efticiency of suspensions obtained from different Alamo genotypes . 26 9 Switchgrass transformation . 3 1 10 (a) Selection of transgenic calluses of Alamo 2702 producing green shoots on MSG medium supplemented with 10 mg/L bialophos . 34 11 Southern blot hybridization of two transgenic plants for the bur gene . 35 12 Southern blot hybridization of five transgenic plants for the gfp gene . 36 13 Southern blot hybridization of five transgenic plants estimating copy number of thegfpgene ....................................................... 37 14 GFF' expression in pollen of a Totransgenic plant (A), leaf tissue of a To plant (B), and pollen of a T, progeny plant (C) . 38 15 GUS expression in floral parts from transgenic plants obtained by microprojectile bombardment with the plasmid pAHC25 . .40 16 GUS expression in plantlet segments inoculated with Agrobucterium tumefuciens ....................................................... 42 17 Response to Basta after rubbing leaves with the herbicide (left, control; center and right, putative transformants) . .47 18 Stable GUS expression in leaf tissues (A) and shoots (B) of To plants (left, control; right, tissues from transgenic plants) . 52 19 GUS expression in pollen grains from Toplants (Zeft, control; right, a transgenic plant) ............................................................ 52 20 GUS expression in young ovaries from Toplants (left, control; right, a transgenic plant) ............................................................ 53 21 DNA gel blot hybridization analysis of transformed plants (To) . 53 22 Anther culture of switchgrass . 57 V LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure Page 23 Anther-derived green plants after transfer from in vitro conditions to soil . 59 24 Mer transferring of regenerants to soil, growth of the plantlets was slow . 60 25 Anthers from both florets (perfect, the first three anthers in each row; and staminate, the other three anthers in the same row) . 61 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 The effects if different combinations of 2,4-D and TDZ on multiple shoot differentiation in three different cultivars of switchgrass (values are means of ten replicates), data for 0.0 pM,2,4-D, andor TDZ are not included because none wereobtained ....................................................... 15 Grown characteristics of Alamo 2702 suspension cultures as measured by packed cell volume (PCV), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) ................... 20 Results of selection of shoot clumps bombarded with pAHC25 and cultured for different periods (d) on medium with different bialaphos concentrations ........... 29 Results of selection of calluses bombarded with a pAHC25 plasmid on medium with different bialaphos concentration .................................... 32 Results of two-step selection of calluses bombarded with plasmid pAHC25 or PsGFP-BAR ....................................................... 33 Number of transgenic plants tolerant to Basta obtained with psGFP-BAR (GFP reporter) and pAHC25 (GUS reporter) by microprojectile bombardment ........... 35 Number of Basta tolerant and nontolerant offspring obtained from four separate crosses using Trl as male parent and two crosses using Trl as female parent with an Alamo nontransgenic control plant .................................... .39 8 Explant source of various Alamo genotypes (our designations) used to initiate callus cultures for Agrobucterium-mediated transformation .................... 4 1 9 Number of inoculated somatic embryos and number of calluses derived from them (in parentheses) from Alamo genotype C50 ........................... .43 10 Number of inoculated calluses (IC), number of IC that survived (SC), and number of SC that produced embryos (EC) from Alamo genotype C50 .................. 44 11 Number of inoculated calluses (IC), number of IC &at survived (SC), and number of SC that produced embryogenic calluses (EC) ............................. 45 12 Number of inoculated somatic embryos and number of calluses derived from them (in parentheses) from different Alamo genotypes ........................ 46 13 Effect of acetosyringone (AS) on the efficiency of Agrobucteriurn-mediated trimsformation