C PROGRAMMING 6996 Columbia Gateway Drive Suite 100 Columbia, MD 21046 Tel: 443-692-6600 http://www.umbctraining.com C PROGRAMMING Course # TCPRG3000 Rev. 10/14/2016 ©2016 UMBC Training Centers 1 C PROGRAMMING This Page Intentionally Left Blank ©2016 UMBC Training Centers 2 C PROGRAMMING Course Objectives ● At the conclusion of this course, students will be able to: ⏵ Write non-trivial C programs. ⏵ Use data types appropriate to specific programming problems. ⏵ Utilize the modular features of the C languages. ⏵ Demonstrate efficiency and readability. ⏵ Use the various control flow constructs. ⏵ Create and traverse arrays. ⏵ Utilize pointers to efficiently solve problems. ⏵ Create and use structures to implement new data types. ⏵ Use functions from the C runtime library. ©2016 UMBC Training Centers 3 C PROGRAMMING This Page Intentionally Left Blank ©2016 UMBC Training Centers 4 C PROGRAMMING Table of Contents Chapter 1: Getting Started..............................................................................................9 What is C?..................................................................................................................10 Sample Program.........................................................................................................11 Components of a C Program......................................................................................13 Data Types.................................................................................................................14 Variables.....................................................................................................................16 Printing and Initializing Variables...............................................................................17 Arrays.........................................................................................................................19 Compiling and Executing a C Program......................................................................21 Chapter 2: Functions and Operators...........................................................................25 Functions....................................................................................................................26 Elementary Operators................................................................................................28 Assignment Operators................................................................................................29 Increment and Decrement Operators.........................................................................30 Number of Operands..................................................................................................32 Conditional Operator..................................................................................................33 Chapter 3: Control Flow Constructs............................................................................39 Conditionals................................................................................................................40 if..................................................................................................................................41 if-else-if.......................................................................................................................43 switch..........................................................................................................................45 Loops..........................................................................................................................46 while............................................................................................................................47 for................................................................................................................................48 do-while......................................................................................................................49 Endless Loops............................................................................................................50 break and continue.....................................................................................................51 switch..........................................................................................................................53 Chapter 4: The C Preprocessor....................................................................................61 #define........................................................................................................................62 Preprocessor Macros.................................................................................................64 #include......................................................................................................................66 Conditional Compilation.............................................................................................67 #ifndef.........................................................................................................................69 Chapter 5: Simple I/O.....................................................................................................73 Character I/O..............................................................................................................74 End of File..................................................................................................................76 Simple I/O Examples..................................................................................................78 Simple I/O Redirection...............................................................................................80 I/O with Character Arrays...........................................................................................81 ©2016 UMBC Training Centers 5 C PROGRAMMING Chapter 6: More on Functions......................................................................................85 Introduction.................................................................................................................86 Function Declarations.................................................................................................87 Returning a Value or Not............................................................................................88 Function Prototypes...................................................................................................89 Arguments and Parameters.......................................................................................91 Organization of C Source Files..................................................................................93 Extended Example.....................................................................................................94 The getaline Function.................................................................................................96 The mystrcmp Function..............................................................................................97 The check Function....................................................................................................98 The myatoi Function...................................................................................................99 The average Function..............................................................................................100 Summary..................................................................................................................101 Chapter 7: Strings........................................................................................................105 Fundamental Concepts............................................................................................106 Aggregate Operations..............................................................................................108 String Functions........................................................................................................110 String Functions Example........................................................................................112 Chapter 8: Pointers......................................................................................................115 Fundamental Concepts............................................................................................116 Pointer Operators and Operations...........................................................................118 Changing an Argument with a Function Call............................................................119 Pointer Arithmetic.....................................................................................................121 Array Traversal.........................................................................................................123 String Functions with Pointers..................................................................................127 Pointer Difference.....................................................................................................129 Prototypes for String Functions................................................................................130 Relationship Between an Array and a Pointer.........................................................131 The Pointer Notation *p++........................................................................................132 Chapter 9: Structures..................................................................................................137 Fundamental