Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape Management Plan Strengthening Climate Change Resilience through Improved Watershed and Coastal Resources Management in Protected Areas Department of Environment and Natural Resources Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape MANAGEMENT PLAN November 30, 2015 With Technical Assistance from: Orient Integrated Development Consultants, Inc. Strengthening Climate Change Resilience through Improved Watershed and Coastal Resources Management in Protected Areas in Peñablanca and Siargao Table of Contents ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Legal Basis for Protected Area Management in the Philippines ..................................... 1 1.2 Background and Continuing Relevance of PPLS as a Protected Area .............................. 1 1.3 The Process of Updating the PPLS Plan ........................................................................... 2 2.0 PROFILE OF THE PEÑABLANCA PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AND SEASCAPE ...................... 5 2.1 Biogeographic Setting ...................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Regional and Local Development Context ....................................................................... 6 2.3 Physical Features ............................................................................................................. 6 2.3.1 Topography and Slope ........................................................................................................ 8 2.3.2 Geology and Soils ............................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Hydrology ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.4 Climate.............................................................................................................................. 10 2.3.5 Hazards ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Biological Diversity ......................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 Habitats and Ecosystems .................................................................................................. 14 2.4.2 Flora .................................................................................................................................. 19 2.5 Socio-Economic and Cultural Profile.............................................................................. 20 2.5.1 Demography ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.5.2 Livelihood and Income Sources ........................................................................................ 22 2.5.3 Land Cover ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.5.4 Forestland Tenure ............................................................................................................ 24 2.5.5 Road Infrastructure and Communication Facilities .......................................................... 25 2.6 PA Stakeholders ............................................................................................................. 25 2.7 Current PA Management Structure and Capabilities for Management ........................ 27 2.8 Current PA Management Activities ............................................................................... 28 2.8.1 PASu Office/DENR Enforcement and IEC Activities .......................................................... 28 2.8.2 National Greening Program of DENR................................................................................ 28 2.8.3 Peñablanca LGU Support to Enforcement and Other Activities ....................................... 29 2.8.4 Conservation International Reforestation and Agroforestry Project ............................... 29 2.8.5 Metro Tuguegarao Water District Watershed Reservation Management ....................... 30 2.8.6 PhilCCAP Pilot Agroforestry Project ................................................................................. 30 2.8.7 Department of Tourism Support to Ecotourism ............................................................... 31 2.9 Current Issues, Concerns and Opportunities ................................................................. 31 2.9.1 Management and Development Issues and Concerns ..................................................... 32 2.9.2 Vulnerabilities to Climate Change .................................................................................... 36 2.9.3 Development Potentials ................................................................................................... 47 3.0 THE MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................................................... 49 3.1 Vision, Missions, Goals and Objectives .......................................................................... 49 3.1.1 Vision ................................................................................................................................ 49 3.1.2 Mission ............................................................................................................................. 49 3.1.3 Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................................ 50 PPLS Management Plan i | P a g e Strengthening Climate Change Resilience through Improved Watershed and Coastal Resources Management in Protected Areas in Peñablanca and Siargao 3.2 Key Management Strategies .......................................................................................... 51 3.2.1 Management Zoning ........................................................................................................ 51 3.2.2 Collaborative Management .............................................................................................. 52 3.2.3 Community Based Resource Management ...................................................................... 53 3.2.4 Sustainable Financing ....................................................................................................... 53 3.2.5 Climate Change Adaptation .............................................................................................. 54 3.3 Management Programs ................................................................................................. 54 3.3.1 Biodiversity Protection, Conservation and Rehabilitation Program ................................. 54 3.3.2 Social and Economic Program .......................................................................................... 59 3.3.3 Disaster Risk Reduction Program ..................................................................................... 63 3.3.4 Governance Enhancement and Institutional Strengthening Program ............................. 65 3.3.5 Climate Change Adaptation Measures in PPLS: A Summary ............................................ 68 3.4 Management Zones and Prescriptions .......................................................................... 69 3.4.1 Strict Protection Zone ....................................................................................................... 69 3.4.2 Multiple Use Zone ............................................................................................................ 69 3.5 Management Standards and Guidelines ....................................................................... 74 4.0 PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ..... 76 4.1 Protected Area Management Board .............................................................................. 76 4.2 Protected Area Superintendent’s Office ....................................................................... 78 5.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ............................................................................................ 79 6.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................................................................... 84 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 87 Tables Table 2.1 Diversity, Endemicity and Threatened Species of Vertebrate Wildlife at Various Geographic Levels ............................................................................................ 5 Table 2.2 Slope Categories of Peñablanca ......................................................................................... 8 Table 2.3 Tropical Cyclones that Affected Cagayan Province, 2008-2014 ...................................... 10 Table 2.4 Temperature Increases and Seasonal Rainfall Change under Medium Range Emission Scenario: Cagayan Province, 2020 and 2050 ................................................... 12 Table 2.5 Mangrove Species Found in Barangays Lapi and Minanga, Peñablanca, Cagayan, 2012 ................................................................................................................................