Realization: Support: Research Report PRIVATE SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION IN BRAZILIAN PUBLIC EDUCATION: CONSEQUENCES OF COMMODIFICATION FOR THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION Theresa Adrião Teise Garcia Raquel Fontes Borghi Regiane Helena Bertagna Gustavo Paiva Salomão Ximenes 2015 2 SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1 - Methodology ............................................................................................................ 8 THE BROAD CONTENT OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION: CONCEPTUAL PARAMETERS FOR ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION ....... 11 2.2.1 - The content of the right to education faced with the state's obligations to respect, protect and acomplish the fundamental human rights .................................................... 11 2.2.2 - The four necessary dimensions of the right to education .................................... 15 3. STRATEGIC POSITIONS IN GOVERNMENT AND ENTERPRISES PRIVATE SPHERE: THE EXERCISE OF "GOVERNANCE" IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATION . 26 4. GROUPS WITH GREATER INTEGRATION ......................................................... 29 4.1 - Educational Market: corporates and profits from public education ....................... 31 4.2 - Negotiation processes ............................................................................................. 32 4.2.1 - Santillana Group .................................................................................................. 32 4.2.2 - Abril Educação .................................................................................................... 34 4.2.3 - Pearson ................................................................................................................ 36 4.2.4 - Objetivo Group .................................................................................................... 37 4.2.5 - Positivo Group .................................................................................................... 38 4.3 - Corporations and the provision of textbooks to public education .......................... 38 4.4 - Private education systems: goods and services ...................................................... 40 5. THE MARKET OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE MEDIA ................................. 45 5.1 - Victor Civita Foundation: responsible for publishing the magazines Nova Escola and Gestão Escolar ......................................................................................................... 46 5.2 - Segmento Publishing House: responsible for publishing the magazines Educação and Escola Pública .......................................................................................................... 51 5.3 - Valor Econômico Newspaper ................................................................................ 56 5.4 – Advertisement frequency in the media specialized in education .......................... 62 5.5 – Frequency of editorial presence in business media and in media specialized in education ......................................................................................................................... 63 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Methodology .......................................................................................................... 9 3 2. THE BROAD CONTENT OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION: CONCEPTUAL PARAMETERS FOR ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION ....... 13 2.1. The content of the right to education according to the state's obligations to respect, protect and acomplish the fundamental human rights ................................... 13 2.2. The four necessary dimensions of the right to education .................................... 16 2.2.1. Availability .................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2. Accessibility .................................................................................................. 18 2.2.3. Acceptability ................................................................................................. 22 2.2.4. Adaptability ................................................................................................... 24 3. STRATEGIC POSITIONS IN GOVERNMENT AND ENTERPRISES PRIVATE SPHERE: THE EXERCISE OF "GOVERNANCE" IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATION . 26 4. GROUPS WITH GREATER INSERTION ............................................................... 30 4.1. Educational Market: corporations and profits from public education ................. 31 4.2. Negotiation processes .......................................................................................... 32 4.2.1. Santillana Group ............................................................................................ 32 4.2.2. Abril Educação .............................................................................................. 35 4.2.3. Pearson .......................................................................................................... 37 4.2.4. Objetivo Group .............................................................................................. 38 4.2.5. Positivo Group............................................................................................... 38 4.3. Corporations and the provision of textbooks to public education ....................... 39 4.4. Private education systems: goods and services .................................................... 40 5. THE MARKET OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE MEDIA ................................. 46 5.1. Characterization of the media corporations and publications .............................. 47 5.1.1 Victor Civita Foundation: responsible for publishing the magazines Nova Escola and Gestão Escolar ...................................................................................... 47 5.1.2 – Segmento Publishing House: responsible for publishing the magazines Educação and Escola Pública .................................................................................. 51 5.1.3 - Valor Econômico Newspaper ...................................................................... 56 5.2. Overview .............................................................................................................. 59 5.3 – Advertisement frequency in the media specialized in education ....................... 62 5.4 – Frequency of editorial presence in business media and in media specialized in education ..................................................................................................................... 64 6. MAPPING .................................................................................................................. 67 4 7. LOOKING MORE CLOSELY: THE PRESENCE OF BUSINESS GROUPS IN INTENTIONALLY SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES .................................................. 73 7.1 – Municipal expenditures with the purchase of private education system ........... 78 7.1.1 – Approximate value used in the private system of education by municipalities .......................................................................................................... 79 7.1.2 - Proportion of spending on the private education systems in relation to total expenditures of municipalities in education ............................................................ 80 7.1.3 - The percentage expenditure with private educational systems per student / year related to total spending per student/year in 2013 ........................................... 81 7.2 - The perception of managers on the adoption of private education systems in the municipalities studied ................................................................................................. 84 8. THE PRIVATE EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN THE LIGHT OF THE BROAD CONTENT OF THE RIGHT EDUCATION ................................................................. 88 8.1 - Violations of the availability and accessibility of education .............................. 88 8.2 – Violations against acceptability and adaptability in school education .............. 91 9 - CLOSING REMARKS ............................................................................................. 97 10 –REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 102 11 – RESEARCH TEAM ............................................................................................. 111 5 1. INTRODUCTION1 This study describes and analyzes the adoption of “private systems of education” by public schools of basic education in Brazil2, taking into account the consequences of this policy option for the accomplishment of the human right to education. These “systems” consist of a basket of goods and services: (…) composed by activities traditionally developed by pedagogical teams of public administration bodies and schools: continuing training for teachers, monitoring and supervision of teaching activities; investment in the production and distribution of textbooks to students; external and internal evaluation processes (ADRIÃO et al., 2009b, p.806). Acquired by subnational governments, “private systems of education” have been spreading along the public schools networks since 1998. In many cases, they explicitly consist of a sort of market expansion through the transformation of enrollments in public schools into commodities, once the amount of enrollments is the base considered in the negotiations among