SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COASTAL RESOURCE USE IN TALISE, NORTH SULAWESI Brian R. Crawford, Priciellia Kussoy, A. Siahainenia and R.B. Pollnac TE-98/10-E CRC/URI CRMP Phone: (62-21) 392 6424 NRM Secretariat 392 8526 Jl. Madiun No. 3 Fax: (62-21) 392 6423 Jakarta 10320, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] www.indomarine.or.id/pesisir/ SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COASTAL RESOURCE USE IN TALISE, NORTH SULAWESI Brian R. Crawford, Priciellia Kussoy, A. Siahainenia and R.B. Pollnac Funding for the preparation and printing of this document was provided by USAID as part of the USAID/BAPPENAS Natural Resources Management (NRM) Program and the USAID-CRC/URI Coastal Resources Management (CRM) Program. Further details of Proyek Pesisir publications can be found at www.indomarine.or.id Further details of NRM publications can be found at www.nrm.or.id Further details of CRM publications can be found at www.crc.uri.edu Printed in: Jakarta Citation: Crawford, B.R., P. Kussoy, A. Siahainenia and R.B. Pollnac. 1998. Socioeconomic Aspects of Coastal Resource Use in Talise, North Sulawesi. Proyek Pesisir Publication No. TE-98/10-E. University of Rhode Island, Coastal Resources Center, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. pp. 67. Credits: Maps: Audrie Siahainenia and Asep Sukmara Layout: Patrissa Luzzi, Sesilia Dajoh and Daisy Malino Style Editor: C. Young ISBN: TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... viii 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1 2.0 THE VILLAGE OF TALISE .............................................................................. 4 2.1 ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Overview............................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Coral Reefs and Fish............................................................................. 4 2.1.3 Mangroves and Sea Grasses.................................................................. 5 2.1.4 The Forest ............................................................................................. 5 2.2 POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN .................................... 5 2.3 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................. 9 2.4 SOCIAL STRUCTURE.............................................................................. 9 2.4.1 Occupations........................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 Education ............................................................................................ 12 2.4.3 Land Ownership.................................................................................. 13 2.4.4 Material Style of Life.......................................................................... 14 2.4.5 Ethnicity and Religion ........................................................................ 17 2.4.6 Village Governance and Institutions................................................... 18 2.5 COASTAL ACTIVITIES ......................................................................... 18 2.5.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 18 2.5.2 Farming ............................................................................................... 19 2.5.3 Capture Fishery................................................................................... 22 2.5.4 Pearl Farming...................................................................................... 30 2.5.5 Forestry ............................................................................................... 32 2.5.6 Other Miscellaneous Activities........................................................... 33 2.6 PERCEPTIONS OF RESOURCE IMPACTS ON HUMAN ACTIVITIES............................................................................................. 34 2.7 PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE AND PROBLEMS ........................... 36 REFERENCES CITED.................................................................................................. 39 Proyek Pesisir -i- Socioeconomic Aspects - Talise APPENDIX I. Analysis of material style of life variables....................................... 40 APPENDIX II. Analysis of reasons for impact of the pearl farm ............................. 42 APPENDIX III. Analysis of beliefs concerning relationships between coastal resources and human activities ........................................................ 43 APPENDIX IV. Analysis of reasons for bomb fishing............................................... 46 APPENDIX V. Analysis of perceptions of well-being and problems....................... 47 APPENDIX VI. Survey form and administration instructions ................................... 50 Proyek Pesisir -ii- Socioeconomic Aspects - Talise LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Percent distribution of ranking of productive activities in Dusun 1, Talise ......................................................................................... 10 Table 2. Percent distribution of ranking of productive activities in Dusun 2, Talise ......................................................................................... 11 Table 3. Percent distribution of ranking of productive activities in Dusun 3, Talise ......................................................................................... 11 Table 4. Percent distribution of ranking of productive activities in Talise (all dusuns)................................................................................................ 12 Table 5. Distribution of years of formal education in Talise .................................. 13 Table 6. Education levels of survey respondents in Talise ..................................... 13 Table 7. Classification of land among survey respondent land users in Talise....... 14 Table 8. Percent distribution of Material Style of Life (MSL) measures................ 16 Table 9. Analysis of Material Style of Life (MSL) measures ................................. 16 Table 10. Ethnicity in the dusuns of Talise............................................................... 17 Table 11. Percent distribution of rank importance of farming.................................. 19 Table 12. Percent distribution of farming plot sizes among farming households..... 20 Table 13. Percent distribution by sex and relative age in farming activities in farming households................................................................................... 20 Table 14. Percent distribution of crops grown by type ............................................. 21 Table 15. Percent distribution of number of different crops grown by farming households................................................................................................. 21 Table 16. Percent distribution of rank importance of fishing and gleaning of household respondents.......................................................................... 22 Table 17. Vessel counts, April, 1998 ........................................................................ 23 Table 18. Percent distribution of boat-using households using different vessel types ............................................................................................... 23 Proyek Pesisir -iii- Socioeconomic Aspects - Talise Table 19. Percent distribution of gear types used among households involved in the capture fishery................................................................................. 25 Table 20. Gear type fishing locations, seasons, fish caught, and marketing destinations ............................................................................................... 26 Table 21. Percent distribution of boat ownership among boat-using households using different vessel types .................................................... 28 Table 22. Percent distribution of gear ownership in households using the gear type .................................................................................... 28 Table 23. Percent distribution of labor by age and sex categories for each gear type ..................................................................................... 29 Table 24. Percent distribution of labor by age and sex categories for gleaning, fish trading, and fish processing ............................................................... 30 Table 25. Percent distribution of rank importance of pearl farming........................ 30 Table 26. Percent distribution of labor by age and sex categories for pearl Farming .................................................................................................... .31 Table 27. Percent distribution of responses concerning the impact of the pearl farm company............................................................................................ 31 Table 28. Mean scale values for each dusun in Talise.............................................. 35 Table 29. Percent distribution of responses concerning household well being today compared to