European Union Civil Society Fund II (CSF II) and Civil Society Support Programme (CSSP) Non-State Actors in Ethiopia – Update Mapping Final Report By Dr. Gebre Yntiso (Team Leader) Debebe Haile-Gebriel Kelkilachew Ali February 2014 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... 7 Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 9 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................... 11 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................ 11 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 12 Common features among regions ......................................................................................... 18 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 18 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 24 1.1 Background to the study .............................................................................................................................................. 24 1.2 Trends in the civil society sector .............................................................................................................................. 25 1.3 Objectives of the study .................................................................................................................................................. 28 1.4 Research methods ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 1.5 Organisation of the report ........................................................................................................................................... 30 2. Regulatory frameworks .................................................................................................... 32 2.1 Characteristics of the operational environment for NSAs in Ethiopia ..................................................... 32 2.2 Existing regulatory frameworks ............................................................................................................................... 32 2.3 Regional laws .................................................................................................................................................................... 39 2.4 Impacts of the Charities and Societies Proclamation ...................................................................................... 40 2.5 Self-regulatory system .................................................................................................................................................. 47 2.6 Advocacy efforts for enabling environment ........................................................................................................ 48 2.7 Amendment of the 70:30 Directive ......................................................................................................................... 49 3. The Role and Profile of Donors ......................................................................................... 50 3.1 Donor engagement with CSOs ................................................................................................................................... 50 3.2 The profile of selected donors ................................................................................................................................... 53 4. NSA Typologies and Distributions ..................................................................................... 62 4.1 Number of NSAs in Ethiopia ....................................................................................................................................... 62 4.2 NSA typology ..................................................................................................................................................................... 65 4.3 Reflections on selected NSAs ..................................................................................................................................... 67 4.4 Geographic distribution of NSAs .............................................................................................................................. 70 4.5 Sectoral/thematic distribution of CSO projects ................................................................................................. 72 5. Contributions to Development and Democracy ................................................................. 75 5.1 Contribution to the country’s development ........................................................................................................ 75 5.2 Democratisation, human rights and good governance ................................................................................... 76 5.3 Domestic resource mobilisation ............................................................................................................................... 76 5.4 Foreign fund mobilisation ........................................................................................................................................... 78 5.5 Reaching the hard-to-reach ........................................................................................................................................ 78 5.6 Emerging trends .............................................................................................................................................................. 79 6. Relationships and collaborations ...................................................................................... 81 6.1 Partnership with the government ............................................................................................................................ 81 6.2 GO-NGO forums ................................................................................................................................................................ 81 2 6.3 NSA Self-Organisation: State of apex, network and consortia structures ............................................... 82 6.4 Limitations and challenges with networking ...................................................................................................... 83 7. Innovative approaches ...................................................................................................... 84 7.1 Value-chain commodity ................................................................................................................................................ 84 7.2 Community-government-Diaspora partnership to build school ................................................................ 84 7.3 Environmental protection and social inclusion ................................................................................................. 85 7.4 Mobile education ............................................................................................................................................................. 85 7.5 Domestic adoption .......................................................................................................................................................... 85 7.6 Community empowerment ......................................................................................................................................... 86 7.7 Cleaning fluoride pollution ......................................................................................................................................... 86 7.8 Heritage management ................................................................................................................................................... 87 7.9 Local resource mobilisation ....................................................................................................................................... 87 7.10 ‘Human ambulance’ ..................................................................................................................................................... 87 7.11 Comprehensive support ............................................................................................................................................ 87 7.12 Fighting HTP through empowerment and community conversation .................................................... 88 7.13 Efficient Budget Utilization: A merit of collaboration and coordination .............................................. 88 8. Challenges and limitations ................................................................................................ 90 8.1 Regulatory challenges ................................................................................................................................................... 90 8.2 Challenges related to government-NSA relations ............................................................................................. 91 8.3 Challenges related to resource mobilisation ....................................................................................................... 92 8.4