Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses Perkins Thesis and Dissertations Spring 2021 Reconcile Your People— 화해의 통일을 이루게 하소서: An Analysis And Revisioning Of The Korean National Music Theory Of Lee Geon Yong With Implications For Church Music And The Reunification Of South And North Korea Hyun Min Lee [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_music_etds Recommended Citation Lee, Hyun Min, "Reconcile Your People— 화해의 통일을 이루게 하소서: An Analysis And Revisioning Of The Korean National Music Theory Of Lee Geon Yong With Implications For Church Music And The Reunification Of South And North Korea" (2021). Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses. 3. https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_music_etds/3 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Perkins Thesis and Dissertations at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Pastoral Music Projects and Theses by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. RECONCILE YOUR PEOPLE— 화해의 통일을 이루게 하소서: AN ANALYSIS AND REVISIONING OF THE KOREAN NATIONAL MUSIC THEORY OF LEE GEON YONG WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CHURCH MUSIC AND THE REUNIFICATION OF SOUTH AND NORTH KOREA Approved by: _______________________ C. Michael Hawn University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Church Music Director, Doctor of Pastoral Music Program ______________________ Christopher S. Anderson Associate Professor of Sacred Music RECONCILE YOUR PEOPLE— 화해의 통일을 이루게 하소서: AN ANALYSIS AND REVISIONING OF THE KOREAN NATIONAL MUSIC THEORY OF LEE GEON YONG WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CHURCH MUSIC AND THE REUNIFICATION OF SOUTH AND NORTH KOREA A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Pastoral Music by Hyun Min Lee (이현민) B.M., Vocal, Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary M.DIV., Theology, Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary M.M., Vocal, Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary TH.M., Liturgics and Homiletics, Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary May 14, 2021 ii © Copyright 2021 Hyun Min Lee (이현민) All Rights Reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank God. Without His grace and guidance, none of my aspirations would have ever come into fruition. The days in researching, preparing, and writing this dissertation were very good, but neither my project nor my time at the Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, would have been possible without the patience, advice, and practical help of professors and colleagues of Doctor of Pastoral Music. I am grateful to Dr. C. Michael Hawn, who saw the merit in this topic and helped to make it a reality. His encouragement sustained me when the going was tough. Hawn’s good-humored and generous advice, not to mention his well-judged criticism, encouraged my growing confidence in applying the methodological approach with the sources I found. His exacting standards and careful correction in lucid writing were essential not only to the development of my argument, but in applying my research. I am also grateful for the wisdom of Dr. Christopher S. Anderson. His critique and suggestions have made me a better scholar. In particular, I thank Lee Geon Yong, the subject of this research. His tenderness and kindness gave me encouragement and strength. His music, coming from his heart, gave me courage and hope. I hope that the musical and ethnic division of South and North Korea may be restored through his Korean National Music Theory. My family has been a continued source of faith and motivation for me. I would like to thank my parents, Rev. Dr. Sung Oh Lee and Jeong Hee Lee, for all of their support and prayer while I was pursuing my doctoral degree. I would also like to thank my parents-in-law Hyun Chul Im and Young Ja Kim, for all their encouragement and prayer. I would like to thank my wife, Sung Eun Im. Sung Eun enabled me to pursue my dream of a doctoral degree that I was most suited for. Very few people receive such an opportunity, and very few enjoy the support and prayer of the kind that I received from Sung Eun who kept me going when running away seemed the best option, and for whom this dissertation is dedicated as a small token of my love and gratitude. Lastly, I would like to say that I love my son, Joseph Lee, the gift God gave me while studying the Doctor of Pastoral Music program. iv Hyun Min Lee (이현민) RECONCILE YOUR PEOPLE— 화해의 통일을 이루게 하소서: AN ANALYSIS AND REVISIONING OF THE KOREAN NATIONAL MUSIC THEORY OF LEE GEON YONG WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CHURCH MUSIC AND THE REUNIFICATION OF SOUTH AND NORTH KOREA Advisor: C. Michael Hawn Doctor of Pastoral Music conferred: May 14, 2021 Thesis completed: April 23, 2021 ABSTRACT The political situation on the Korean Peninsula appears to be more hopeful now than for several decades, calling for a new strategy for reunification. Through music, people in the two Koreas can reclaim one ethnicity and the spirit of a unified nation. This thesis explores the possibility of achieving a unified ethnic identity through church music and poses a role for church music in overcoming the musical, cultural, and ecclesial divisions between South and North Korea. I examine the Korean National Music Theory (KNMT) of composer and church musician Lee Geon Yong as a musical and philosophical construct for analyzing the history, social culture, theology, and the implications of establishing a unified ethnic identity for South and North Korea. After comparing the political identities, artistic cultures, and musical characteristics of the two Koreas, I provide a brief history of the two Korean churches since their division. This research provides directions for a Koreanized church music to overcome musical heterogeneity of two Koreas. Based on this, I suggest the potential musical and theological characteristics of reunification hymnal and offer implications of Lee Geon Yong’s work for the reunification of church music for the North and South Korea. KEY WORDS: Korean National Music Theory, Reunification, Koreanized Church Music, Reunification Hymnal. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Research purpose ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 B. Research method ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 C. Research process ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 D. Self-Identification .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 E. Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2: LEE GEON YONG’S “KOREAN NATIONAL MUSICAL THEORY”......................................... 10 A. Biography of Lee Geon Yong ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 B. Definition of Korean National Musical Theory (KNMT) .................................................................................................... 15 C. Theological Implications of the Korean National Musical Theory .................................................................................... 20 D. Identity in Korean National Musical Theory Based on Ethnicity ...................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 3: AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIVERGENT POLITICAL CULTURES AND MUSICAL STYLES OF THE TWO KOREAS AND THE HISTORY OF THEIR CHURCHES ................................................................ 36 A. The Musical and Political Cultures of North and South Korea ........................................................................................... 36 1. North Korea ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 2. South Korea .....................................................................................................................................................................................