Front cover IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile Guide for Developers Miho Hachitani Catalin Mierlea Pete Neergaard Grzegorz Smolko Redbooks International Technical Support Organization IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile Guide for Developers July 2015 SG24-8076-02 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page vii. Third Edition (July 2015) This edition applies to WebSphere Application Server V8.5.5.6. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2012, 2013, 2015. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . vii Trademarks . viii IBM Redbooks promotions . ix Preface . xi Authors. xi Now you can become a published author, too! . xiii Comments welcome. xiii Stay connected to IBM Redbooks . xiv Chapter 1. An introduction to the Liberty profile . 15 1.1 Liberty profile overview . 16 1.1.1 Programming models . 16 1.1.2 Supported development environments . 17 1.1.3 Application development and deployment tools . 17 1.1.4 Additional resources . 18 1.2 Simplified configuration . 19 1.2.1 Server definition . 19 1.2.2 Server configuration using the server.xml file . 19 1.2.3 Bootstrap properties . 20 1.2.4 Portable configuration using variables . 20 1.2.5 New configuration types and validation. 23 1.2.6 Encoding passwords. 23 1.2.7 Shared configuration using includes . 24 1.2.8 Dynamic configuration updates. 25 1.3 Runtime composition with features and services . 26 1.3.1 Feature management . 26 1.3.2 Automatic service discovery . 27 1.4 Frictionless application development . 28 1.4.1 Quick start using dropins . 28 1.4.2 Configuration-based application deployment . 28 1.4.3 Using loose configuration for applications. 29 1.4.4 Configuring an application’s context root . 30 1.4.5 Compatibility with WebSphere Application Server . 30 1.5 Product extensions . 30 1.6 Overview of Java EE 7 . 32 1.6.1 Java EE 7 Web Profile . 32 1.6.2 Java EE 7 Full Platform . 33 Chapter 2. Installation. 37 2.1 Installing the WebSphere developer tools. 38 2.1.1 Installation from Eclipse Marketplace . 38 2.1.2 Installation from the WASdev community site. 40 2.1.3 Installation from downloaded installation files. 42 2.2 Installing the Liberty profile . 43 2.2.1 Installation using the Liberty profile developer tools . 43 2.2.2 Installation using the command line . 49 2.2.3 Installation on z/OS. 51 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2012, 2013, 2015. All rights reserved. iii 2.2.4 The Liberty profile runtime environment and server directory structure . 52 2.3 Configuring the server runtime JDK . 55 2.3.1 Defining the JRE from within workbench . 55 2.3.2 Configuring the system JRE . 56 2.3.3 Using server.env to define the JRE. 57 2.3.4 Specifying JVM properties . 57 2.4 Starting and stopping a Liberty profile server . 57 2.4.1 Starting and stopping the server by using the command line . 58 2.4.2 Starting and stopping the server from the workbench. 58 Chapter 3. Developing and deploying web applications . 59 3.1 Developing applications using the Liberty profile developer tools. 60 3.1.1 Using the tools to create a simple servlet application . 60 3.1.2 Developing and deploying a JSP application . 62 3.1.3 Developing and deploying a JSF application . 64 3.1.4 Developing and deploying JAX-RS applications. 70 3.1.5 Using Context and Dependency Injection in web applications with the Liberty profile developer tools . 75 3.1.6 Developing JAX-WS web services applications with the Liberty profile developer tools . 78 3.1.7 Developing WebSocket applications with the Liberty profile developer tools . 82 3.1.8 Debugging applications with the Liberty profile developer tools . 84 3.2 Developing outside the Liberty profile developer tools . 86 3.2.1 Feature enablement . 87 3.2.2 Dynamic application update . 87 3.2.3 Common development configuration . 88 3.2.4 Dynamic configuration . 88 3.2.5 API JAR files . 89 3.2.6 Debugging applications. 90 3.2.7 Using Maven to automate tasks for the Liberty profile . 90 3.2.8 Using Ant to automate tasks for the Liberty profile . 93 3.3 Controlling class visibility in applications. 94 3.3.1 Using shared libraries in applications . 94 3.3.2 Creating a shared library in the Liberty profile developer tools. 94 3.3.3 Creating a shared library outside of the tools . 95 3.3.4 Using libraries to override Liberty profile server classes. 96 3.3.5 Global libraries . 96 3.3.6 Using a classloader to control API visibility. 96 Chapter 4. Iterative development of OSGi applications . ..