Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................. 7 ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Overview of Vanuatu ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11 1.2 Biodiversity Conservation in Vanuatu ........................................................................................................ 11 2.0 THE CBD AND NBSAP REVIEW PROCESS ............................................................................................... 12 2.1 The CBD Strategic Plan and Aichi Targets .................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Vanuatu NBSAP Review Process ................................................................................................................ 12 3.0 OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY IN VANUATU ................................................................ 14 3.1 Threats to Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Terrestrial Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 15 3.2.2 Threats ................................................................................................................................................. 15 3.3 Inland Waters Biodiversity ......................................................................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3.2 Threats ................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.4 Marine and Coastal Biodiversity ................................................................................................................ 18 3.4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 18 3.4.2 Threats ................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.5 Species………………………………….. .................................................................................................................. 20 4.0 MEASURES IN PLACE TO ADDRESS THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY ........................................................... 21 4.1 Traditional Governance and Management ................................................................................................ 21 4.2 Protected Areas or Conservation Areas ..................................................................................................... 21 4.2.1 Community Conservation Areas (CCAs) ............................................................................................... 22 4.2.2 Terrestrial Protected Areas .................................................................................................................. 22 4.2.3 Marine Protected Areas ....................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.4 Species Conservation ........................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Vanuatu International Conventions and Commitment to Biodiversity ..................................................... 23 4.4 Vanuatu Environment-Related Legislation Aimed to Protect Biodiversity and Promote Sustainable-Use 25 5.0 VANUATU NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (NBSAP) .................................... 27 5.1 Mission Statement………………… .................................................................................................................. 27 5.2 Principles Underpinning the Strategy ........................................................................................................ 27 1 | P a g e 5.3 NBSAP Link to NSDP…………. ....................................................................................................................... 29 6.0 VANUATU NBSAP STRATEGIC AREAS ................................................................................................... 30 6.1 STRATEGIC AREA 1: CONSERVATION AREA MANAGEMENT................................................................... 31 6.2 STRATEGIC AREA 2: FOREST AND INLAND WATERS ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT………………………………….. ........................................................................................................... 36 6.3 STRATEGIC AREA 3: COASTAL AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT (CME)………………………………………… ................................................................................................................... 39 6.4 STRATEGIC AREA 4: SPECIES MANAGEMENT (SM) .................................................................................. 43 6.5 STRATEGIC AREA 5: MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE Alien SPECIES (MIAS) ................................................ 47 6.6 STRATEGIC AREA 6: MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY ACROSS SECTORS AND SOCIETY (MB) ................ 52 6.7 STRATEGIC AREA 7: RESOURCE MOBILISATION FOR THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN…………………………………………….. ................................................................................................................ 56 7.0 ACTION STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 60 7.1 THE NBSAP IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................... 60 8.0 PROVINCIAL PLANS ........................................................................................................................... 107 8.1 TORBA PROVINCIAL NBSAP IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ............................................................... 108 8.1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 108 8.1.2 Marine ................................................................................................................................................ 109 8.1.3 Forest and Inland Waters ................................................................................................................... 112 8.1.4 Torba Provincial Target for 2018 to 2030 .......................................................................................... 114 8.1.5 TORBA Provincial Target Statement .................................................................................................. 116 8.1.6 Reference ........................................................................................................................................... 116 8.2 SANMA PROVINCIAL NBSAP IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK .............................................................. 117 8.2.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 117 8.2.2 Marine ................................................................................................................................................ 118 8.2.3 Forest and Inland Waters ................................................................................................................... 121 8.2.4 Sanma Provincial Target for 2016 to 2030 ......................................................................................... 125 8.2.5 SANMA Provincial Target Statement ................................................................................................. 126 8.2.6 Reference ........................................................................................................................................... 126 8.3 PENAMA PROVINCIAL NBSAP IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ............................................................ 127 8.3.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 127 8.3.2 Marine ................................................................................................................................................ 128 8.3.3 Forest and Inland Waters ................................................................................................................... 131 8.3.4 Penama Provincial Target for 2016 to 2030....................................................................................... 134 8.3.5 Penama Provincial Target Statement................................................................................................