Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1989 A Knowledge-Based System for Message Translation. (Volumes I and II). John Mark Usher Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Usher, John Mark, "A Knowledge-Based System for Message Translation. (Volumes I and II)." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4887. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4887 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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All rights reserved. 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 A Knowledge-Based System for Message Translation Volume I A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Engineering Science by John M. Usher B.S., University of Florida, 1981 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1983 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1986 December 1989 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge those who helped me in this work. They are: - Dr. Gerald Graves, my advisor, whose guidance and encouragement were greatly appreciated, - Navneet Kejriwal and Girish Palliyil who helped with the communication programs on the microcomputer, - my doctoral committee who provided me with their time, attention, and encouragement, - my wife, Rita, who worked all these years to make it possible for me to pursue this dream, 'i' '*• - my mother, Marjorie Usher, who took care of my children during the day and provided support for our family, - my children, Matthew and Kelly, who endured much and asked very little, and - my friends who supported me with prayer. TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I LIST OF TABLES , . ............................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ............ viii ABSTRACT .............................................. ix CHAPTER I ................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .................. 1 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ....................... 4 1.3 UNIQUENESS OF RESEARCH ................... 6 1.4 RESEARCH PLAN AND PROCEDURES ............ 6 1.5 EVALUATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS ............. 8 1.6 OUTLINE ..................................... 10 CHAPTER I I ............................................ 12 BACKGROUND ............................................ 12 2.1 INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING .................. 12 2.2 COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS .................... 13 2.3 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS ..................... 19 2.4 COMMUNICATION STANDARDS ..................... 24 2.5 COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURES ................. 25 2.6 MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION PROTOCOL ........ 34 2.6.1 Layers of M A P ........................ 36 2.6.2 Network Management in M A P .......... 48 2.7 PROBLEMS IN THE MAP A P P R O A C H .............. 51 2.7.1 Connecting Multiple Networks ........ 52 2.7.2 Requirements for Shop-floor Devices . 54 2.7.3 Messaging Language for Shop-floor E q u i p m e n t ............................. 60 2.8 MESSAGING IN COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS .... 61 2.8.1 Survey of Related W o r k .............. 62 2.9 APPLYING KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS TO COMMUNICATIONS................ 70 2.9.1 Principles of Knowledge-Based Systems 70 2.9.2 Applications in Communication .... 73 CHAPTER I I I ............................................ 76 MANUFACTURING MESSAGING LANGUAGES ...................... 76 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................... 76 3.2 MANUFACTURING MESSAGE FORMAT STANDARD .... 77 3.2.1 S y n t a x ............................... 80 3.2.2 Notation............................. 83 iii 3.2.3 Semantical E l e m e n t s .......... 83 3.2.4 MMFS Message E x a m p l e s ............... 92 3.3 SPECIFIC DEVICE LANGUAGES .................. 96 3.3.1 NND Assembly Robot 8 8 ............... 97 3.3.2 Honeywell Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) .................................... 101 3.3.3 Allen-Bradley Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) ....................... 107 3.3.4 Dyna NC Milling M a c h i n e ............... 112 3.4 THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF MESSAGING LANGUAGES 114 3.4.1 The Principle Components of a Messaging Language.................................. 115 3.4.2 The Body of a M e s s a g e ................. 118 3.5 CONCLUSION ................................... 120 CHAPTER IV ........................................ 122 OPERATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTERFACE .......... 122 4.1 I N T R O D U C T I O N ................................. 122 4.2 PROGRAM STRUCTURE ........................... 126 4.3 BASIC SYSTEM OPERATION .................... 128 4.3.1 Operational Steps ................... 130 4.4 PARSING .................. 132 4.5 C O N V E R S I O N ................................... 136 4.6 A S S E M B L Y ..................................... 140 4.7 EXAMPLE OF THE MESSAGE TRANSLATION PROCESS . 141 4.8 CONCLUSION ................................... 146 CHAPTER V ................................................ 148 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED DESIGN ........ 148 5.1 I N T R O D U C T I O N ................................. 148 5.2 WORKING MEMORY ............................... 149 5.2.1 Language-Dependent ................... 151 5.2.2 Language-Independent ................. 154 5.3 KNOWLEDGE B A S E ............................... 155 5.3.1 Knowledge Representation ............ 156 5.3.2 Knowledge Base Structure............... 159 5.3.3 Parsing Knowledge ................... 166 5.3.4 Conversion Knowledge ................. 168 5.3.5 Conclusion..............................174 5.4 CONTROL PROGRAM ............................... 175 5.4.1 Main R o u t i n e s ......................... 177 5.4.2 Parsing Routines................ 178 5.4.3 Conversion Routines ................. 187 5.4.4 Assembly R o u t i n e s .......... 192 5.4.5 General System Primitives .......... 193 5.5 CONCLUSION ................................... 193 CHAPTER V I .............................................. 196 PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION AND iv EVALUATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS ......... 196 6.1 I N T R O D U C T I O N ................................. 196 6.2 PROTOTYPE KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTERFACE ......... 196 6.2.1 Programming Language ................ 197 6.2.2 Program Structure .................. 198 6.2.3 Program Description ................ 201 6.2.4 Execution of the S y s t e m .............. 206 6.3 EXPERIMENTAL S E T U P ........................... 207 6.3.1 Simulation Testing .................. 207 6.3.2 Communication T e s t ..................... 210 6.4 EVALUATION OF RESULTS ......................... 211 6.4.1 Language Knowledge Bases ............ 216 6.5 REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM . 221 6.5.1 Requirements........................... 221 6.5.2 L i m i t a t i o n s ........................... 222 6.6 CONCLUSION ................................... 223 CHAPTER V I I .............................................. 225 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............ 225 7.1 S U M M A R Y ........................................225 7.2 CONCLUSIONS................................... 227 7.2.1 Benefits............................... 229 7.3 RECOMMENDATION ............................... 231 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................... 238 VOLUME II APPENDIX A .............................................. 243 MESSAGE EXAMPLES USED IN SIMULATION TESTING .........